java - Java访问Web服务时URL和URI的区别

Question

我正在访问网络服务。下面是我的 PHP 代码，它运行得很好:

class fNewRequest {
    function fNewReq($pTK, $pVID) 
    {
        $this->pTK= $pTK;
        $this->pVID= $pVID;
    }
}

/* Initialize webservice with your WSDL */
$client = new SoapClient("http://**.**.**.*/**/**/***/webservice.asmx?WSDL");

/* Set your parameters for the request */
$params = array(
  "pTK" => "asa",
  "pVID" => "1134",
);

/* Invoke webservice method with your parameters, in this case: Function1 */
$response = $client->__soapCall("fNewRequests", array($params));

/* Print webservice response */
var_dump($response);

print_r($params);

我现在正在尝试用 Java 做同样的事情。下面是我的代码:

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import javax.xml.soap.*;
import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;


public class ws1
{
      public static void ws1()
      {
            try
            {
             SOAPConnectionFactory soapConnectionFactory = SOAPConnectionFactory.newInstance();
             SOAPConnection soapConnection = soapConnectionFactory.createConnection();
             String url = "http://**.**.**.*/**/**/***/webservice.asmx?WSDL";
             SOAPMessage soapResponse = soapConnection.call(createSOAPRequest(), url);
             printSOAPResponse(soapResponse);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                  e.printStackTrace();
                  System.err.println(e.toString());
            }
      }

      private static SOAPMessage createSOAPRequest() throws Exception {
        MessageFactory messageFactory = MessageFactory.newInstance();
        SOAPMessage soapMessage = messageFactory.createMessage();
        SOAPPart soapPart = soapMessage.getSOAPPart();
        String serverURI = "http://**.**.**.*/**/**/***/webservice.asmx?WSDL";

        SOAPEnvelope envelope = soapPart.getEnvelope();
        envelope.addNamespaceDeclaration("wsdl", serverURI);

        SOAPBody soapBody1 = envelope.getBody();
        SOAPElement soapBodyElemX = soapBody1.addChildElement("fNewRequests", "wsdl");

        SOAPElement soapBodyElem1 = soapBodyElemX.addChildElement("pTK", "wsdl");
        soapBodyElem1.addTextNode("asa");
        SOAPElement soapBodyElem2 = soapBodyElemX.addChildElement("pVID", "wsdl");
        soapBodyElem2.addTextNode("1134");

        MimeHeaders headers = soapMessage.getMimeHeaders();
        headers.addHeader("performRecharge", serverURI + "performRecharge");
        System.out.println("");
        soapMessage.saveChanges();

        System.out.print("Request SOAP Message = ");
        soapMessage.writeTo(System.out);
        System.out.println();
        return soapMessage;
    }

    private static void printSOAPResponse(SOAPMessage soapResponse) throws Exception {
        TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
        Source sourceContent = soapResponse.getSOAPPart().getContent();
        System.out.print("\nResponse SOAP Message = ");
        StreamResult result = new StreamResult(System.out);
        transformer.transform(sourceContent, result);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
           ws1();
    }
}

我得到了这个:

Response SOAP Message = <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><soap:Envelope  xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<soap:Body>
  <soap:Fault>
     <faultcode>soap:Client</faultcode> 
     <faultstring>System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapException: Server did not recognize the value of HTTP Header SOAPAction:
       at System.Web.Services.Protocols.Soap11ServerProtocolHelper.RouteRequest()
       at System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapServerProtocol.RouteRequest(SoapServerMessage message)
       at System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapServerProtocol.Initialize()
       at System.Web.Services.Protocols.ServerProtocolFactory.Create(Type type, HttpContext context, HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response, Boolean&amp; abortProcessing)
     </faultstring>
     <detail/>
   </soap:Fault>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

我不知道该为 URL 和 URI 设置什么值？请问有什么帮助吗？

Answer 1

该 URL 是您将请求发送到的位置。 URI 是正文消息必须具有的 XML 命名空间(也可以是 an URL is an URI 以来的 URL)。

您还必须确保发送 SOAPAction HTTP header (我在错误中看到服务器对此有提示)。

不知道您的 WSDL 中有什么内容，因此我将使用在线 Web 服务进行解释，可以在此处找到其描述:http://www.webservicex.net/ConvertTemperature.asmx?WSDL .

为了调用此 Web 服务，我需要向 http://www.webservicex.net/ConvertTemperature.asmx 发送请求。从 WSDL，我知道请求的结构，并且知道元素要使用什么命名空间:http://www.webserviceX.NET/。另外，从 WSDL 我知道要发送的 SOAPAction:http://www.webserviceX.NET/ConvertTemp。

代码如下:

package com.test;

import javax.xml.soap.MessageFactory;
import javax.xml.soap.MimeHeaders;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPBody;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPConnection;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPConnectionFactory;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPElement;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPEnvelope;
import javax.xml.soap.SOAPMessage;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
        SOAPConnectionFactory soapConnectionFactory = SOAPConnectionFactory.newInstance();
        SOAPConnection soapConnection = soapConnectionFactory.createConnection();

        String url = "http://www.webservicex.net/ConvertTemperature.asmx";
        SOAPMessage request = Main.createSOAPRequest();

        System.out.print("Request: ");
        request.writeTo(System.out);

        SOAPMessage response = soapConnection.call(request, url);

        System.out.print("\nResponse: ");
        response.writeTo(System.out);
    }

    private static SOAPMessage createSOAPRequest() throws Exception {
        SOAPMessage soapMessage = MessageFactory.newInstance().createMessage();

        MimeHeaders headers = soapMessage.getMimeHeaders();
        headers.addHeader("SOAPAction", "http://www.webserviceX.NET/ConvertTemp");

        SOAPEnvelope envelope = soapMessage.getSOAPPart().getEnvelope();

        SOAPBody soapBody = envelope.getBody();
        soapBody.addNamespaceDeclaration("prefix", "http://www.webserviceX.NET/");

        SOAPElement convertTempElement = soapBody.addChildElement("ConvertTemp", "prefix");

        SOAPElement temperatureElement = convertTempElement.addChildElement("Temperature", "prefix");
        temperatureElement.addTextNode("100");

        SOAPElement fromUnitElement = convertTempElement.addChildElement("FromUnit", "prefix");
        fromUnitElement.addTextNode("degreeCelsius");

        SOAPElement toUnitElement = convertTempElement.addChildElement("ToUnit", "prefix");
        toUnitElement.addTextNode("degreeFahrenheit");

        soapMessage.saveChanges();
        return soapMessage;
    }
}

程序发送此请求:

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
    <SOAP-ENV:Header/>
    <SOAP-ENV:Body xmlns:prefix="http://www.webserviceX.NET/">
        <prefix:ConvertTemp>
            <prefix:Temperature>100</prefix:Temperature>
            <prefix:FromUnit>degreeCelsius</prefix:FromUnit>
            <prefix:ToUnit>degreeFahrenheit</prefix:ToUnit>
        </prefix:ConvertTemp>
    </SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

并得到此响应:

<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" 
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
               xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <soap:Body>
        <ConvertTempResponse xmlns="http://www.webserviceX.NET/">
            <ConvertTempResult>212</ConvertTempResult>
        </ConvertTempResponse>
    </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

将此示例与您拥有的示例进行比较，您就会找出要使用的值。