python - 从 Python 调用用 Prolog 编写的执行程序

Question

我有一个用 Prolog 编写的 exe 文件。当我运行它时，它起作用了。我需要从 Python 脚本启动它，但这里出现错误。当我使用 system("PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe")我明白了

Exception in module: planner.exe
c:\program files\visual prolog 7.4 pe\pfc\exception\exception.pro(229) : error r000

当我使用 execfile("PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe") 时我明白了

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 29, in <module>
    execfile("PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe")
  File "PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe", line 1
SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\x8b' in file PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe on line 2, but no encoding declared; see http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0263.html for details

我做错了什么？提前致谢!

附言这是我在 Prolog 中的代码

implement shift
    open core, console, list, file, string

constants
    className = "shift/shift".
    classVersion = "".

clauses
    classInfo(className, classVersion).

domains
   obj=char.
   block=obj.
   state=on(block, obj);  clear(obj).
   action=action(obj From, block Block, obj To).

class facts
   isObj:(char).
   isBlock:(char).

clauses
   isBlock('a').
   isBlock('b').
   isBlock('c').

   isObj('1').
   isObj('2').
   isObj('3').
   isObj('a').
   isObj('b').
   isObj('c').

class predicates
   can : (action, state* Condition) determ (i,o).
clauses
   can(action(From, Block, To), C):-
      C = [clear(To),clear(Block),on(Block, From)],
      write("!!! ", C),nl,
      if isMember(clear('c'), C) then
         write("@@@")
    end if,
      To <> Block,
      From <> To,
      Block <> From.

class predicates
   plan : (state* State, state* Goals , state* ProtectedGoals, action* Plan, state* FinalState)
                                                                                                      nondeterm (i,i,i,o,o).
clauses
   plan(State, Goals, _, [], State):-
     % write("!!State: ", State, " Goals: ", Goals),nl,
      satisfied(State, Goals),
      %write("yes"),nl,
      !.
    plan(State, Goals, Protected, Plan, FinalState):-

       select(State, Goals, Goal),
write("State: ", State, " Goals: ", Goals,  " Goal: ", Goal), nl,
       achieves(Action, Goal, State),
%write("Action: ", Action, "Goal: ", Goal), nl,
       write("Action: ", Action), nl,
       preserves(Action, Protected),
       can(Action, Condition),
      %  write(" Condition: ", Condition), nl,
       plan(State, Condition, Protected, Preplan, Midstate1),
%write("Midstate1: ", Midstate1),nl,
       Midstate2 = apply(Midstate1, Action),
       %write("Action: ", Action, " Midstate2: ", Midstate2), nl,
       plan(Midstate2, Goals, [Goal|Protected], Postplan, FinalState),
       conc(Preplan, Action, Postplan, Plan).

class predicates
   preserves : (action, state*) determ.
clauses
   preserves(_, []) :- !.
   preserves(action(From, Block, To), [Goal|Goals]) :-
       Goal <> on(Block, From),
       Goal <> clear(To),
       preserves(action(From, Block, To), Goals).

class predicates
   apply : (state*, action) -> state*.
clauses
   apply([], _) = [] :- !.
   apply([clear(To)|State], action(From, Block, To)) = [clear(From)|apply(State, action(From, Block, To))] :- !.
   apply([S|State], action(From, Block, To)) = [S1|apply(State, action(From, Block, To))] :-
      S = on(Block, From),
      S1 = on(Block, To),
      !.
    apply([S|State], Action) = [S|apply(State, Action)].

class predicates
   achieves : (action, state Goal, state* State) nondeterm (o,i, i).
clauses
   achieves(action(Object, B, To), clear(Object), State) :-
      isBlock(B),
      isObj(To),
      Object <> B,
      Object <> To,
      B <> To,
      isMember(on(B, Object), State),
      isMember(clear(To), State).
   achieves(action(From, Block, Object), on(Block, Object), State) :-
      isObj(From),
      From <> Block,
      From <> Object,
      isMember(on(Block, From), State).

class predicates
   select : (state*, state*, state) nondeterm (i,i,o).
clauses
   select(State, Goals, Goal) :-
      list::memberIndex_nd(Goal, _, Goals),
      not(isMember(Goal, State)). % цель не достигнута

class predicates
   satisfied : (state*, state* Goals) determ.
clauses
   satisfied(_State, []) :- !.
   satisfied(State, [H|Goals]) :-
     write("Satisfied State: ", State, " H: ", H), nl,
     if H = clear('c') then
        write("sdfg"),nl
    end if,
     isMember(H, State),
     write("yes"),nl,
     satisfied(State, Goals).

class predicates
   conc : (action*, action, action*, action*) nondeterm (i,i,i,o).
clauses
   conc([], Action, [], [Action]).
   conc([], Action, Plan, [Action|Plan]).
   conc([H|Preplan], Action, Postplan, [H|Plan]) :-
      conc(Preplan, Action, Postplan, Plan).

class predicates
   toStates : (string*) -> state* determ.
clauses
   toStates([]) = [] :- !.
   toStates([H|S]) = L :-
      H1 = toTerm(state, H),
      L = [H1|toStates(S)].

class predicates
   optimize : (action*) -> action*.
clauses
    optimize([]) = [] :- !.
    optimize([A]) = [A] :- !.
    optimize([A1|[A2| Tail]]) = optimize([A3|Tail]) :-
       A1 = action(From, O, To1),
       A2 = action(To1, O, To2),
       !,
       A3 = action(From, O, To2).
    optimize([H|T]) = [H|optimize(T)].

clauses
   run():-
    (Start = toStates(split(readString("start.txt"), ";")),
    write(Start),
    Goals= toStates(split(readString("goals.txt"), ";")),
    plan(Start, Goals, [], Plan, _),
    PlanO = optimize(Plan),
    write("Plan: ", PlanO),nl,
    writeString("plan.txt", toString(PlanO)),
    !,
    _ = readLine());
    write("It didn't work out!"),
    _=readline().

end implement shift

Answer 1

execfile肯定是错误的；它用于执行另一个 Python 源代码文件； os.system 确实有效，但在这种情况下无效，所以我不推荐它。出现该错误是因为当前工作目录或planner.exe的cwd错误。你想在执行它之前将 chdir 到它的目录。

你想要的是 subprocess.call ，及其 cwd 参数:

import subprocess
impot os

path = r'PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe'
exe = os.path.basename(path)
cwd = os.path.dirname(path)
subprocess.call([exe], cwd=cwd)

exe 将被设置为 path 的基本名称 - 'planner.exe'； cwd 将包含它的文件夹部分，或 r'PLANNER\Exe'。现在subprocess.call会先将工作目录更改为相对于当前工作目录的PLANNER\Exe，然后运行其中的planner.exe。

---

如果你想让脚本工作得更稳健并且无论在任何目录中调用它自己都可以工作，你可以使用 __file__ 找到脚本本身的目录并找到 PLANNER 相对于它的文件夹:

import subprocess
impot os

relpath = r'PLANNER\Exe\planner.exe'
path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), relpath)
exe = os.path.basename(path)
cwd = os.path.dirname(path)
subprocess.call([exe], cwd=cwd)

(还有 see this question 关于如何在 Python 中表示路径名)