python - Flask 表单数据类型错误(unicode 数据不是 unicode)

Question

我正在使用 Flask 编写一个小网页，我偶然发现了一个奇怪的错误。

我想以简单的形式传递 3 个字符串值。当我尝试传递任何特殊字符(如“ł”、“±”等)时，flask 给我回溯:

127.0.0.1 - - [18/Aug/2015 16:16:32] "POST /add_tutorial HTTP/1.1" 500 -
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1836, in __call__
return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/contrib/fixers.py", line 148, in __call__
return self.app(environ, start_response)
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1820, in wsgi_app
response = self.make_response(self.handle_exception(e))
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1403, in handle_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1817, in wsgi_app
response = self.full_dispatch_request()
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1477, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1381, in handle_user_exception
reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1475, in full_dispatch_request
rv = self.dispatch_request()
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1461, in dispatch_request
return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
  File "/home/pawel/repos/tiktalik-www-panel/panel.py", line 123, in add_tutorial
author=data['author']
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/whoosh/writing.py", line 784, in add_document
perdocwriter.add_column_value(fieldname, column, cv)
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/whoosh/codec/base.py", line 821, in add_column_value
self._get_column(fieldname).add(self._docnum, value)
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/whoosh/columns.py", line 251, in add
self._dbfile.write(v)
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/whoosh/filedb/structfile.py", line 99, in write
return self.file.write(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/pawel/PANEL/flask/lib/python2.7/site-packages/whoosh/filedb/compound.py", line 325, in write
bio.write(inbytes)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u0142' in position 10: ordinal not in range(128)

崩溃的代码是:

def add_tutorial():
if request.method == 'POST':
    ix = indexing(INDEXDIR,BaseSchema,'tutorials')
    with ix.writer(optimize = True) as writer:
        data = {}
        data['title'] = request.form['title']  #here it crashes
        app.logger.debug(type(request.form['title']))
        data['author'] = request.form['author']
        data['difficulty'] = int(request.form['difficulty'])
        data['fileOfArt'] = request.files['file']
        data['pictures'] = request.files.getlist("pictures")
        data['lang'] = request.form['lang']
        data['tags'] = parse_tags(request.form['tags'])
        if data['title']  and data['fileOfArt']:
            subdir = plToAng(data['title'])
            subdir = subdir.replace(" ","_")
            content = data['fileOfArt'].read()
            for picture in data['pictures']:
                handle_file(picture,subdir)
            content = repl_pictures(content,data['pictures'],subdir)
            writer.add_document(
                    title=data["title"],
                    sort_title=data["title"].lower(),
                    content=content,
                    date=datetime.now(),
                    url=subdir,
                    difficulty=data['difficulty'],
                    lang=data['lang'],
                    tags=data['tags'],
                    author=data['author']
            )       
        ix.close()  
        return redirect(url_for('add_tutorial', title=data['title'],\
            difficulty=data['difficulty']))

当我尝试强制将 request.form['title'] 编码为“UTF-8”时，我收到错误消息“TypeError:不支持解码 Unicode”(合乎逻辑，因为传递的数据是 Unicode)。

有什么办法可以解决这个问题吗？ (我不能放弃特殊字符)

Answer 1

您应该将具有特殊字符的字符串编码为 utf-8 字节字符串:

mynewstring = mystring.encode('utf-8')

结果是这样的:

>>> a = u"عاصم"
>>> a.encode('utf-8')
'\xd8\xb9\xd8\xa7\xd8\xb5\xd9\x85'