c - 如何在c中将字符串存储在数组中

Question

如何在 c 中将字符串列表存储在数组中。原因通常是一个字符串，例如:'string' 在数组(？)中存储为 s|t|r|i|g。现在如果我有一个有 10 个索引的数组并且想在每个索引中存储字符串，我该怎么做？如果不可行，我可以使用什么其他数据结构。

例如:array = 'string1'|'string2'|..

我做了一些事情，但它不起作用:

// Array for name of alphabets, and name of states
 35     char *nameOfStates[numStates];
 36     char buffer[3];
 37 
 38     // Read the nameOfStates 
 39     int i;
 40     for(i=0;i<numStates;i++){
 41         printf("Name of STATES:");
 42 
 43         int z=0;
 44         char *buffer2;
 45         while(z<2 && fgets(buffer,2,stdin) != NULL){
 46             
 47             buffer2 = strndup(buffer,2);
 48             z++;
 49         }// End while-loop
 50         nameOfStates[i] = buffer2;
 51     
 52     }// End of for-loop to read nameOfStates

编辑:我意识到 array[size] 实际上不起作用!我这样做是因为我的 java 背景，我认为它可能有效。所以我改变了程序，但它仍然抛出段错误。我在下面发布了完整的(编辑过的)程序:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

// Function declaration
void analyze(char *string);
void clearNewLines(void);


int main(int argc, char *argv[]){

    // Number of states and number of alphabets of DFA
    int numStates;
    int numAlphabets;


    // Read numStates 
    printf("Enter the number of STATES:");
    scanf("%d",&numStates);

    // Flush STDIN
    clearNewLines();

    // Array for name of alphabets, and name of states
    char **nameOfStates = malloc(numStates*sizeof(char*));
    char *buffer = NULL;    
    // Read the nameOfStates 
    int i;
    for(i=0;i<numStates;i++){   
        printf("Name of STATES:");

        fgets(nameOfStates[i],2*sizeof(char),stdin);    

    }// End of for-loop to read nameOfStates

    clearNewLines();
    // Read numAlphabets
    printf("Enter the number of ALPHABETS: ");
    scanf("%d", &numAlphabets);

    // Flush STDIN
    clearNewLines();

    // Array for name of alphabets, and name of states
    char nameOfAlphabets[numAlphabets]; 
    // Saving transition table
    char *transitionTable[numStates][numAlphabets];


    // Read name of alphabets
    int j;
    for(j=0;j<numAlphabets;j++){

        printf("Name of ALPHABETS:");
        nameOfAlphabets[j] = getchar();

        // Flush STDIN 
        clearNewLines(); 

    }// End for-loop to read alphabets

    // Get the transitionTable[states][alphabets] 
    int row;
    for(row=0;row<numStates;row++){

        int col;
        for(col=0;col<numAlphabets;col++){

            printf("Enter Transition From %s to %c: ",nameOfStates[row],nameOfAlphabets[col]);
            printf("\n");
        }

    }

    return 0;
}// End of main function

/*
*
*   clearNewLines - clear any newline character present at the STDIN
*/
void clearNewLines(void)
{
    int c;
    do
    {
        c = getchar();
    } while (c != '\n' && c != EOF);
}

Answer 1

首先:您不能使用变量定义数组大小。我的意思是:char buf[variable]; 不起作用。

你必须这样做:

char **buf;

buf = malloc(sizeof(char) * number_of_strings);
if (buf == NULL)
    return (MALLOC_ERROR);

或者像这样的宏:

// in your header file
#define BUF_SIZE 12
// in your .c file
char *buf[BUF_SIZE];

然后您还必须 malloc 数组的第二个维度。例如:

int i;

i = 0
while (buf[i])
{
    buf[i] = malloc(sizeof(char) * string_length);
    if (buf[i] == NULL)
        return (MALLOC_ERROR);
    i++;
}

并且不要忘记释放数组的所有维度。