css - :focus/:hover for multiple instances of same icon 上的 clipPath 转换

Question

我有一个 SVG 图标，其中包含一些蒙版形状:

• book-1 : 被 clipPath 屏蔽 mask-1
• book-2 : 被 clipPath 屏蔽 mask-2
• book-3 : 未屏蔽，无需转换

关于 :focus/:hover我要mask-1 (但不是 book-1 )和 book-2 (但不是 mask-2 )进行转换。够直截了当……

<a href="whatevs" class="icon">
    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 44 44">
        <defs>
            <style>
                #book-1 {clip-path:url(#mask-1);} 
                #book-2 {clip-path:url(#mask-2);}
            </style>

            <clipPath id="mask-1">
                <path class="nudge" fill="none" … />
            </clipPath>
            <clipPath id="mask-2">
                <path fill="none" … />
            </clipPath>
        </defs>

        <g id="book-1">
            <path fill="#fff" … />
        </g>
        <g id="book-2">
            <path fill="#fff" class="nudge" … />
        </g>
        <path fill="#fff" … /> <!-- book-3 -->
    </svg>
</a>

/* CSS */

.icon .nudge {
    transition: transform 0.2s ease-in;
}

.icon:focus .nudge, 
.icon:hover .nudge {
    transform: translate(-2px, 2px);
}

但是当一个页面中有多个相同图标的实例时，乐趣就开始了。

---

我在 CodePen 上有 3 支笔，每支都有 2 个链接图标实例，其中:

1. > MRYwBq 失败:
   • 每次出现时都说明完整 SVG 的详细代码
   • book-1 的类名和 book-2
   • 每个掩码实例的唯一 ID 名称:mask-1和 mask-2
2. > qwEZrG 适用于:
   • 每次出现时都说明完整 SVG 的详细代码
   • 书籍和面具的每个实例的唯一 ID 名称:book-1 , mask-1 , book-2和 mask-2
3. > gybrvL 失败:
   • 一个<symbol>通过 <use> 迭代的图标实例在页面中

想法

1. 这很奇怪。我想了解为什么它会以这种方式失败。
2. 这很好，但我不希望在将 ID 发送到未区分的页面后使用 JavaScript 重复这些 ID。
3. 这就是我想要的工作，但我不知道这是否可能。

Answer 1

自 clip-path需要 svg 的 ID def child ，只有其中一个<clipPath>如果一个页面上放置了多个图标，则将考虑定义。这就是转换 <clipPath> 的原因elements 是不行的，因为所有引用它的元素都会受到影响。因此，我们需要一个不会根据 :hover 移动或修改这些元素的解决方案。的 :focus .

幸运的是，可以使用以下技巧“不”移动元素本身而只移动分配给元素的剪切路径:

1. 将剪辑路径分配给父级
2. 沿剪辑路径应移动的方向移动父对象
3. 让所有 child 朝相反的方向移动

可以在下面的代码片段中找到基于您提供的代码的此技巧的示例:

a .nudge, a .unnudge {
  transition: transform 0.2s ease-in;
}

a:focus, 
a:hover {
    background-color: black;
}
    
a:focus .nudge, 
a:hover .nudge {
    transform: translate(-2px, 2px);
}

a:focus .unnudge, 
a:hover .unnudge {
    transform: translate(2px, -2px);
}


* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

a {
  display: block;
  background-color: red;
  padding: 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in;
  width: 60px;
  height: 60px;
}

body {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.5;
  max-width: 36em;
  color: #333;
}

code {
  background: #e5e5e5;
  font-size: 1.125em;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

<p>Instance 1: 
  <a href="#">
    <svg class="icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 44 44" width="44" height="44">
      <defs>
          <style>
              .book-1{clip-path:url(#mask-1-1);}
              .book-2{clip-path:url(#mask-2-1);}
          </style>
          <clipPath id="mask-1-1">
              <path fill="none" d="M13.823,33.1V18.293a4.738,4.738,0,0,1,1.4-3.371S24.6,5.531,25.085,5.048L20.019-.019H8.143V33.1Z"/>
          </clipPath>
          <clipPath id="mask-2-1">
              <path fill="none" d="M31.814,10.117,21.12,20.822a4.733,4.733,0,0,0-1.4,3.371V39H12V7H28.7Z"/>
          </clipPath>
      </defs>
      <g class="nudge book-1" >
          <path fill="#fff" class="unnudge" d="M22.736,5.72a1.193,1.193,0,0,0-1.686,0l-7.516,7.516a1.191,1.191,0,0,1-1.685-1.685l7.516-7.516a1.192,1.192,0,0,0-1.686-1.686L10.163,9.865h0a3.565,3.565,0,0,0-1.047,2.529h0V26.625h0a3.576,3.576,0,0,0,6.1,2.528h0l7.516-7.516a1.188,1.188,0,0,0,.349-.843V6.563A1.188,1.188,0,0,0,22.736,5.72Z"/>
      </g>
      <g class="book-2">
          <path fill="#fff" class="nudge" d="M21.723,22.193a4.733,4.733,0,0,1,1.4-3.371l5.865-5.871v-.488a1.192,1.192,0,0,0-2.035-.843l-7.516,7.516a1.192,1.192,0,0,1-1.686-1.686l7.516-7.516a1.191,1.191,0,1,0-1.685-1.685l-7.516,7.516a3.561,3.561,0,0,0-1.048,2.528h0V32.524h0a3.577,3.577,0,0,0,6.105,2.529h0l.6-.6Z"/>
      </g>
      <path fill="#fff" d="M34.535,17.52a1.19,1.19,0,0,0-1.685,0l-7.516,7.516a1.192,1.192,0,0,1-1.686-1.686l7.516-7.516a1.192,1.192,0,1,0-1.686-1.685l-7.516,7.516h0a3.564,3.564,0,0,0-1.047,2.528h0V38.424h0a3.576,3.576,0,0,0,6.1,2.529h0l7.516-7.516a1.188,1.188,0,0,0,.349-.843V18.363A1.188,1.188,0,0,0,34.535,17.52Z"/>
  </svg>
  </a>
</p>
<p>Instance 2, exact copy of instance 1: 
  <a href="#">
    <svg class="icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 44 44" width="44" height="44">
      <defs>
          <style>
              .book-1{clip-path:url(#mask-1-1);}
              .book-2{clip-path:url(#mask-2-1);}
          </style>
          <clipPath id="mask-1-1">
              <path fill="none" d="M13.823,33.1V18.293a4.738,4.738,0,0,1,1.4-3.371S24.6,5.531,25.085,5.048L20.019-.019H8.143V33.1Z"/>
          </clipPath>
          <clipPath id="mask-2-1">
              <path fill="none" d="M31.814,10.117,21.12,20.822a4.733,4.733,0,0,0-1.4,3.371V39H12V7H28.7Z"/>
          </clipPath>
      </defs>
      <g class="nudge book-1" >
          <path fill="#fff" class="unnudge" d="M22.736,5.72a1.193,1.193,0,0,0-1.686,0l-7.516,7.516a1.191,1.191,0,0,1-1.685-1.685l7.516-7.516a1.192,1.192,0,0,0-1.686-1.686L10.163,9.865h0a3.565,3.565,0,0,0-1.047,2.529h0V26.625h0a3.576,3.576,0,0,0,6.1,2.528h0l7.516-7.516a1.188,1.188,0,0,0,.349-.843V6.563A1.188,1.188,0,0,0,22.736,5.72Z"/>
      </g>
      <g class="book-2">
          <path fill="#fff" class="nudge" d="M21.723,22.193a4.733,4.733,0,0,1,1.4-3.371l5.865-5.871v-.488a1.192,1.192,0,0,0-2.035-.843l-7.516,7.516a1.192,1.192,0,0,1-1.686-1.686l7.516-7.516a1.191,1.191,0,1,0-1.685-1.685l-7.516,7.516a3.561,3.561,0,0,0-1.048,2.528h0V32.524h0a3.577,3.577,0,0,0,6.105,2.529h0l.6-.6Z"/>
      </g>
      <path fill="#fff" d="M34.535,17.52a1.19,1.19,0,0,0-1.685,0l-7.516,7.516a1.192,1.192,0,0,1-1.686-1.686l7.516-7.516a1.192,1.192,0,1,0-1.686-1.685l-7.516,7.516h0a3.564,3.564,0,0,0-1.047,2.528h0V38.424h0a3.576,3.576,0,0,0,6.1,2.529h0l7.516-7.516a1.188,1.188,0,0,0,.349-.843V18.363A1.188,1.188,0,0,0,34.535,17.52Z"/>
  </svg>
  </a>
</p>

请注意，这个解决方案并不完美，具有两个相反运动的技巧应该总结为没有运动，可能会导致 .book-1 有点抖动。在某些浏览器(例如 Firefox)上。