java - 将 Selenium Java 项目转换为页面对象设计模式时出错

Question

在我决定将我的项目转换为这种设计模式之后，我还创建了 4 个类。我将相关类中的代码移至方法中。编译时我遇到失败，但我不知道为什么。

主类

GidiyorTest.java

public class GidiyorTest {
  protected WebDriver driver;
  protected String baseUrl;
  private boolean acceptNextAlert = true;
  private StringBuffer verificationErrors = new StringBuffer();

  static GidiyorTest gittiGidiyor = new GidiyorTest();
  static String generatedMail = gittiGidiyor.generateString();
  static String generatedUsername = gittiGidiyor.generateString();  

  static RegisterPage  registerPage = new RegisterPage();
  static LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage();
  static SearchPage searchPage = new SearchPage();
  static DiscountsPage discountsPage = new DiscountsPage();


  public String generateString(){
        char[] chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            char c = chars[random.nextInt(chars.length)];
            sb.append(c);
        }
        String output = sb.toString();
        return output;
    }


  @Before
  public void setUp() throws Exception {
    driver = new FirefoxDriver();
    baseUrl = "https://www.gittigidiyor.com/";
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  }
  @Test
  public void testGidiyor() throws Exception {
    registerPage.Register();
    loginPage.Login();
    searchPage.Search();
    discountsPage.Discount();
}
@After
....

RegisterPage.java(四个新类之一，例如仅共享一个)

public class RegisterPage extends GidiyorTest {

    public void Register() throws InterruptedException {

        driver.get(baseUrl + "/kayit-ol");
        driver.findElement(By.name("name")).clear();
        driver.findElement(By.name("name")).sendKeys("murat");
        driver.findElement(By.name("surname")).clear();
        driver.findElement(By.name("surname")).sendKeys("yilmaz");
        Thread.sleep(300);
        driver.findElement(By.id("suggestion_email_input_verifier")).clear();
        driver.findElement(By.id("suggestion_email_input_verifier")).sendKeys(
                generatedMail + "@gmail.com");
        driver.findElement(By.id("nickname")).clear();
        driver.findElement(By.id("nickname")).sendKeys(generatedUsername);
        Thread.sleep(300);
        driver.findElement(By.name("passwd")).clear();
        driver.findElement(By.name("passwd")).sendKeys("123456abc");
        driver.findElement(By.name("passwd2")).clear();
        driver.findElement(By.name("passwd2")).sendKeys("123456abc");
        Thread.sleep(300);
        driver.findElement(By.id("cepgsm")).clear();
        driver.findElement(By.id("cepgsm")).sendKeys("531");
        driver.findElement(By.id("cep")).clear();
        driver.findElement(By.id("cep")).sendKeys("600 29 79");
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        driver.findElement(By.id("SubmitForm")).click();

    }
}

错误是从registerPage.Register()开始的；线。另一种是 java.lang.NullPointerException。

希望能帮到你。

Answer 1

您创建 PageObject 的方式不正确。您不应该扩展测试，要点之一是 PageObject 不应该知道有关测试的任何信息，而只是 expose the services offered by the page 。另一方面，您的测试应该包含断言和其他测试相关的逻辑。

第二个错误是你应该使用PageFactory来实例化你的页面对象，这样你就可以利用惰性绑定(bind)机制。所以改成这样

public class RegisterPage {

    private WebDriver driver;

    public RegisterPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }

   // The rest of your class
 }

并使用PageFactory在测试中实例化

PageFactory.initElements(driver, RegisterPage.class);

此外，为了简化维护并从惰性元素绑定(bind)中受益，您可以考虑将元素添加为字段，并通过注释标记它们，以便它们也由 PageFactory 填充，例如

public class RegisterPage {

    private WebDriver driver;

    public RegisterPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }

    @FindBy(name = "name")
    private WebElement name;

    ...


    }
}