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我第一次从 Keras 加载 InceptionV3
模型,由于我的处理能力较低,所以花了很长时间,这让我思考哪个程序负责计算显示条形图的 ETA?
InceptionV3_base_model = InceptionV3(weights='imagenet', include_top=False)
>>
Downloading data from https://github.com/fchollet/deep-learning-models/releases/download/v0.5/inception_v3_weights_tf_dim_ordering_tf_kernels_notop.h5
37036032/87910968 [===========>..................] - ETA: 37s
哪个程序正在计算并显示这些?是 Keras、Jupyter 还是 Linux 本身在计算?
最佳答案
以keras.datasets.mnist
为例。 (因为它还显示进度条。)
源代码:
"""MNIST handwritten digits dataset.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from ..utils.data_utils import get_file
import numpy as np
def load_data(path='mnist.npz'):
"""Loads the MNIST dataset.
# Arguments
path: path where to cache the dataset locally
(relative to ~/.keras/datasets).
# Returns
Tuple of Numpy arrays: `(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)`.
"""
path = get_file(path,
origin='https://s3.amazonaws.com/img-datasets/mnist.npz',
file_hash='8a61469f7ea1b51cbae51d4f78837e45')
with np.load(path, allow_pickle=True) as f:
x_train, y_train = f['x_train'], f['y_train']
x_test, y_test = f['x_test'], f['y_test']
return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)
我们知道该栏来自..utils.data_utils.get_file
keras.utils.__init__.py
看起来像这样:
from __future__ import absolute_import
from . import np_utils
from . import generic_utils
from . import data_utils
from . import io_utils
from . import conv_utils
from . import losses_utils
from . import metrics_utils
# Globally-importable utils.
from .io_utils import HDF5Matrix
from .io_utils import H5Dict
from .data_utils import get_file
from .data_utils import Sequence
from .data_utils import GeneratorEnqueuer
from .data_utils import OrderedEnqueuer
from .generic_utils import CustomObjectScope
from .generic_utils import custom_object_scope
from .generic_utils import get_custom_objects
from .generic_utils import serialize_keras_object
from .generic_utils import deserialize_keras_object
from .generic_utils import Progbar
from .layer_utils import convert_all_kernels_in_model
from .layer_utils import get_source_inputs
from .layer_utils import print_summary
from .vis_utils import model_to_dot
from .vis_utils import plot_model
from .np_utils import to_categorical
from .np_utils import normalize
from .multi_gpu_utils import multi_gpu_model
get_file
来自 keras.data_utils
keras.data_utils.py
:
"""Utilities for file download and caching."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import hashlib
import multiprocessing as mp
import os
import random
import shutil
import sys
import tarfile
import threading
import time
import warnings
import zipfile
from abc import abstractmethod
from contextlib import closing
from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
import numpy as np
import six
from six.moves.urllib.error import HTTPError
from six.moves.urllib.error import URLError
from six.moves.urllib.request import urlopen
try:
import queue
except ImportError:
import Queue as queue
from ..utils.generic_utils import Progbar
if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
def urlretrieve(url, filename, reporthook=None, data=None):
"""Replacement for `urlretrieve` for Python 2.
Under Python 2, `urlretrieve` relies on `FancyURLopener` from legacy
`urllib` module, known to have issues with proxy management.
# Arguments
url: url to retrieve.
filename: where to store the retrieved data locally.
reporthook: a hook function that will be called once
on establishment of the network connection and once
after each block read thereafter.
The hook will be passed three arguments;
a count of blocks transferred so far,
a block size in bytes, and the total size of the file.
data: `data` argument passed to `urlopen`.
"""
def chunk_read(response, chunk_size=8192, reporthook=None):
content_type = response.info().get('Content-Length')
total_size = -1
if content_type is not None:
total_size = int(content_type.strip())
count = 0
while True:
chunk = response.read(chunk_size)
count += 1
if reporthook is not None:
reporthook(count, chunk_size, total_size)
if chunk:
yield chunk
else:
break
with closing(urlopen(url, data)) as response, open(filename, 'wb') as fd:
for chunk in chunk_read(response, reporthook=reporthook):
fd.write(chunk)
else:
from six.moves.urllib.request import urlretrieve
def _extract_archive(file_path, path='.', archive_format='auto'):
"""Extracts an archive if it matches tar, tar.gz, tar.bz, or zip formats.
# Arguments
file_path: path to the archive file
path: path to extract the archive file
archive_format: Archive format to try for extracting the file.
Options are 'auto', 'tar', 'zip', and None.
'tar' includes tar, tar.gz, and tar.bz files.
The default 'auto' is ['tar', 'zip'].
None or an empty list will return no matches found.
# Returns
True if a match was found and an archive extraction was completed,
False otherwise.
"""
if archive_format is None:
return False
if archive_format == 'auto':
archive_format = ['tar', 'zip']
if isinstance(archive_format, six.string_types):
archive_format = [archive_format]
for archive_type in archive_format:
if archive_type == 'tar':
open_fn = tarfile.open
is_match_fn = tarfile.is_tarfile
if archive_type == 'zip':
open_fn = zipfile.ZipFile
is_match_fn = zipfile.is_zipfile
if is_match_fn(file_path):
with open_fn(file_path) as archive:
try:
archive.extractall(path)
except (tarfile.TarError, RuntimeError,
KeyboardInterrupt):
if os.path.exists(path):
if os.path.isfile(path):
os.remove(path)
else:
shutil.rmtree(path)
raise
return True
return False
def get_file(fname,
origin,
untar=False,
md5_hash=None,
file_hash=None,
cache_subdir='datasets',
hash_algorithm='auto',
extract=False,
archive_format='auto',
cache_dir=None):
"""Downloads a file from a URL if it not already in the cache.
By default the file at the url `origin` is downloaded to the
cache_dir `~/.keras`, placed in the cache_subdir `datasets`,
and given the filename `fname`. The final location of a file
`example.txt` would therefore be `~/.keras/datasets/example.txt`.
Files in tar, tar.gz, tar.bz, and zip formats can also be extracted.
Passing a hash will verify the file after download. The command line
programs `shasum` and `sha256sum` can compute the hash.
# Arguments
fname: Name of the file. If an absolute path `/path/to/file.txt` is
specified the file will be saved at that location.
origin: Original URL of the file.
untar: Deprecated in favor of 'extract'.
boolean, whether the file should be decompressed
md5_hash: Deprecated in favor of 'file_hash'.
md5 hash of the file for verification
file_hash: The expected hash string of the file after download.
The sha256 and md5 hash algorithms are both supported.
cache_subdir: Subdirectory under the Keras cache dir where the file is
saved. If an absolute path `/path/to/folder` is
specified the file will be saved at that location.
hash_algorithm: Select the hash algorithm to verify the file.
options are 'md5', 'sha256', and 'auto'.
The default 'auto' detects the hash algorithm in use.
extract: True tries extracting the file as an Archive, like tar or zip.
archive_format: Archive format to try for extracting the file.
Options are 'auto', 'tar', 'zip', and None.
'tar' includes tar, tar.gz, and tar.bz files.
The default 'auto' is ['tar', 'zip'].
None or an empty list will return no matches found.
cache_dir: Location to store cached files, when None it
defaults to the [Keras Directory](/faq/#where-is-the-keras-configuration-filed-stored).
# Returns
Path to the downloaded file
""" # noqa
if cache_dir is None:
if 'KERAS_HOME' in os.environ:
cache_dir = os.environ.get('KERAS_HOME')
else:
cache_dir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~'), '.keras')
if md5_hash is not None and file_hash is None:
file_hash = md5_hash
hash_algorithm = 'md5'
datadir_base = os.path.expanduser(cache_dir)
if not os.access(datadir_base, os.W_OK):
datadir_base = os.path.join('/tmp', '.keras')
datadir = os.path.join(datadir_base, cache_subdir)
if not os.path.exists(datadir):
os.makedirs(datadir)
if untar:
untar_fpath = os.path.join(datadir, fname)
fpath = untar_fpath + '.tar.gz'
else:
fpath = os.path.join(datadir, fname)
download = False
if os.path.exists(fpath):
# File found; verify integrity if a hash was provided.
if file_hash is not None:
if not validate_file(fpath, file_hash, algorithm=hash_algorithm):
print('A local file was found, but it seems to be '
'incomplete or outdated because the ' + hash_algorithm +
' file hash does not match the original value of ' +
file_hash + ' so we will re-download the data.')
download = True
else:
download = True
if download:
print('Downloading data from', origin)
class ProgressTracker(object):
# Maintain progbar for the lifetime of download.
# This design was chosen for Python 2.7 compatibility.
progbar = None
def dl_progress(count, block_size, total_size):
if ProgressTracker.progbar is None:
if total_size == -1:
total_size = None
ProgressTracker.progbar = Progbar(total_size)
else:
ProgressTracker.progbar.update(count * block_size)
error_msg = 'URL fetch failure on {} : {} -- {}'
try:
try:
urlretrieve(origin, fpath, dl_progress)
except HTTPError as e:
raise Exception(error_msg.format(origin, e.code, e.msg))
except URLError as e:
raise Exception(error_msg.format(origin, e.errno, e.reason))
except (Exception, KeyboardInterrupt):
if os.path.exists(fpath):
os.remove(fpath)
raise
ProgressTracker.progbar = None
if untar:
if not os.path.exists(untar_fpath):
_extract_archive(fpath, datadir, archive_format='tar')
return untar_fpath
if extract:
_extract_archive(fpath, datadir, archive_format)
return fpath
def _hash_file(fpath, algorithm='sha256', chunk_size=65535):
"""Calculates a file sha256 or md5 hash.
# Example
```python
>>> from keras.utils.data_utils import _hash_file
>>> _hash_file('/path/to/file.zip')
'e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855'
```
# Arguments
fpath: path to the file being validated
algorithm: hash algorithm, one of 'auto', 'sha256', or 'md5'.
The default 'auto' detects the hash algorithm in use.
chunk_size: Bytes to read at a time, important for large files.
# Returns
The file hash
"""
if (algorithm == 'sha256') or (algorithm == 'auto' and len(hash) == 64):
hasher = hashlib.sha256()
else:
hasher = hashlib.md5()
with open(fpath, 'rb') as fpath_file:
for chunk in iter(lambda: fpath_file.read(chunk_size), b''):
hasher.update(chunk)
return hasher.hexdigest()
def validate_file(fpath, file_hash, algorithm='auto', chunk_size=65535):
"""Validates a file against a sha256 or md5 hash.
# Arguments
fpath: path to the file being validated
file_hash: The expected hash string of the file.
The sha256 and md5 hash algorithms are both supported.
algorithm: Hash algorithm, one of 'auto', 'sha256', or 'md5'.
The default 'auto' detects the hash algorithm in use.
chunk_size: Bytes to read at a time, important for large files.
# Returns
Whether the file is valid
"""
if ((algorithm == 'sha256') or
(algorithm == 'auto' and len(file_hash) == 64)):
hasher = 'sha256'
else:
hasher = 'md5'
if str(_hash_file(fpath, hasher, chunk_size)) == str(file_hash):
return True
else:
return False
class Sequence(object):
"""Base object for fitting to a sequence of data, such as a dataset.
Every `Sequence` must implement the `__getitem__` and the `__len__` methods.
If you want to modify your dataset between epochs you may implement
`on_epoch_end`. The method `__getitem__` should return a complete batch.
# Notes
`Sequence` are a safer way to do multiprocessing. This structure guarantees
that the network will only train once on each sample per epoch which is not
the case with generators.
# Examples
```python
from skimage.io import imread
from skimage.transform import resize
import numpy as np
# Here, `x_set` is list of path to the images
# and `y_set` are the associated classes.
class CIFAR10Sequence(Sequence):
def __init__(self, x_set, y_set, batch_size):
self.x, self.y = x_set, y_set
self.batch_size = batch_size
def __len__(self):
return int(np.ceil(len(self.x) / float(self.batch_size)))
def __getitem__(self, idx):
batch_x = self.x[idx * self.batch_size:(idx + 1) * self.batch_size]
batch_y = self.y[idx * self.batch_size:(idx + 1) * self.batch_size]
return np.array([
resize(imread(file_name), (200, 200))
for file_name in batch_x]), np.array(batch_y)
```
"""
use_sequence_api = True
@abstractmethod
def __getitem__(self, index):
"""Gets batch at position `index`.
# Arguments
index: position of the batch in the Sequence.
# Returns
A batch
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@abstractmethod
def __len__(self):
"""Number of batch in the Sequence.
# Returns
The number of batches in the Sequence.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def on_epoch_end(self):
"""Method called at the end of every epoch.
"""
pass
def __iter__(self):
"""Create a generator that iterate over the Sequence."""
for item in (self[i] for i in range(len(self))):
yield item
# Global variables to be shared across processes
_SHARED_SEQUENCES = {}
# We use a Value to provide unique id to different processes.
_SEQUENCE_COUNTER = None
def init_pool(seqs):
global _SHARED_SEQUENCES
_SHARED_SEQUENCES = seqs
def get_index(uid, i):
"""Get the value from the Sequence `uid` at index `i`.
To allow multiple Sequences to be used at the same time, we use `uid` to
get a specific one. A single Sequence would cause the validation to
overwrite the training Sequence.
# Arguments
uid: int, Sequence identifier
i: index
# Returns
The value at index `i`.
"""
return _SHARED_SEQUENCES[uid][i]
class SequenceEnqueuer(object):
"""Base class to enqueue inputs.
The task of an Enqueuer is to use parallelism to speed up preprocessing.
This is done with processes or threads.
# Examples
```python
enqueuer = SequenceEnqueuer(...)
enqueuer.start()
datas = enqueuer.get()
for data in datas:
# Use the inputs; training, evaluating, predicting.
# ... stop sometime.
enqueuer.close()
```
The `enqueuer.get()` should be an infinite stream of datas.
"""
def __init__(self, sequence,
use_multiprocessing=False):
self.sequence = sequence
self.use_multiprocessing = use_multiprocessing
global _SEQUENCE_COUNTER
if _SEQUENCE_COUNTER is None:
try:
_SEQUENCE_COUNTER = mp.Value('i', 0)
except OSError:
# In this case the OS does not allow us to use
# multiprocessing. We resort to an int
# for enqueuer indexing.
_SEQUENCE_COUNTER = 0
if isinstance(_SEQUENCE_COUNTER, int):
self.uid = _SEQUENCE_COUNTER
_SEQUENCE_COUNTER += 1
else:
# Doing Multiprocessing.Value += x is not process-safe.
with _SEQUENCE_COUNTER.get_lock():
self.uid = _SEQUENCE_COUNTER.value
_SEQUENCE_COUNTER.value += 1
self.workers = 0
self.executor_fn = None
self.queue = None
self.run_thread = None
self.stop_signal = None
def is_running(self):
return self.stop_signal is not None and not self.stop_signal.is_set()
def start(self, workers=1, max_queue_size=10):
"""Start the handler's workers.
# Arguments
workers: number of worker threads
max_queue_size: queue size
(when full, workers could block on `put()`)
"""
if self.use_multiprocessing:
self.executor_fn = self._get_executor_init(workers)
else:
# We do not need the init since it's threads.
self.executor_fn = lambda _: ThreadPool(workers)
self.workers = workers
self.queue = queue.Queue(max_queue_size)
self.stop_signal = threading.Event()
self.run_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._run)
self.run_thread.daemon = True
self.run_thread.start()
def _send_sequence(self):
"""Send current Iterable to all workers."""
# For new processes that may spawn
_SHARED_SEQUENCES[self.uid] = self.sequence
def stop(self, timeout=None):
"""Stops running threads and wait for them to exit, if necessary.
Should be called by the same thread which called `start()`.
# Arguments
timeout: maximum time to wait on `thread.join()`
"""
self.stop_signal.set()
with self.queue.mutex:
self.queue.queue.clear()
self.queue.unfinished_tasks = 0
self.queue.not_full.notify()
self.run_thread.join(timeout)
_SHARED_SEQUENCES[self.uid] = None
@abstractmethod
def _run(self):
"""Submits request to the executor and queue the `Future` objects."""
raise NotImplementedError
@abstractmethod
def _get_executor_init(self, workers):
"""Get the Pool initializer for multiprocessing.
# Returns
Function, a Function to initialize the pool
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@abstractmethod
def get(self):
"""Creates a generator to extract data from the queue.
Skip the data if it is `None`.
# Returns
Generator yielding tuples `(inputs, targets)`
or `(inputs, targets, sample_weights)`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
class OrderedEnqueuer(SequenceEnqueuer):
"""Builds a Enqueuer from a Sequence.
Used in `fit_generator`, `evaluate_generator`, `predict_generator`.
# Arguments
sequence: A `keras.utils.data_utils.Sequence` object.
use_multiprocessing: use multiprocessing if True, otherwise threading
shuffle: whether to shuffle the data at the beginning of each epoch
"""
def __init__(self, sequence, use_multiprocessing=False, shuffle=False):
super(OrderedEnqueuer, self).__init__(sequence, use_multiprocessing)
self.shuffle = shuffle
self.end_of_epoch_signal = threading.Event()
def _get_executor_init(self, workers):
"""Get the Pool initializer for multiprocessing.
# Returns
Function, a Function to initialize the pool
"""
return lambda seqs: mp.Pool(workers,
initializer=init_pool,
initargs=(seqs,))
def _wait_queue(self):
"""Wait for the queue to be empty."""
while True:
time.sleep(0.1)
if self.queue.unfinished_tasks == 0 or self.stop_signal.is_set():
return
def _run(self):
"""Submits request to the executor and queue the `Future` objects."""
while True:
sequence = list(range(len(self.sequence)))
self._send_sequence() # Share the initial sequence
if self.shuffle:
random.shuffle(sequence)
with closing(self.executor_fn(_SHARED_SEQUENCES)) as executor:
for i in sequence:
if self.stop_signal.is_set():
return
future = executor.apply_async(get_index, (self.uid, i))
future.idx = i
self.queue.put(future, block=True)
# Done with the current epoch, waiting for the final batches
self._wait_queue()
if self.stop_signal.is_set():
# We're done
return
# Call the internal on epoch end.
self.sequence.on_epoch_end()
# communicate on_epoch_end to the main thread
self.end_of_epoch_signal.set()
def join_end_of_epoch(self):
self.end_of_epoch_signal.wait(timeout=30)
self.end_of_epoch_signal.clear()
def get(self):
"""Creates a generator to extract data from the queue.
Skip the data if it is `None`.
# Yields
The next element in the queue, i.e. a tuple
`(inputs, targets)` or
`(inputs, targets, sample_weights)`.
"""
try:
while self.is_running():
try:
future = self.queue.get(block=True)
inputs = future.get(timeout=30)
except mp.TimeoutError:
idx = future.idx
warnings.warn(
'The input {} could not be retrieved.'
' It could be because a worker has died.'.format(idx),
UserWarning)
inputs = self.sequence[idx]
finally:
self.queue.task_done()
if inputs is not None:
yield inputs
except Exception:
self.stop()
six.reraise(*sys.exc_info())
def init_pool_generator(gens, random_seed=None):
global _SHARED_SEQUENCES
_SHARED_SEQUENCES = gens
if random_seed is not None:
ident = mp.current_process().ident
np.random.seed(random_seed + ident)
def next_sample(uid):
"""Get the next value from the generator `uid`.
To allow multiple generators to be used at the same time, we use `uid` to
get a specific one. A single generator would cause the validation to
overwrite the training generator.
# Arguments
uid: int, generator identifier
# Returns
The next value of generator `uid`.
"""
return six.next(_SHARED_SEQUENCES[uid])
class GeneratorEnqueuer(SequenceEnqueuer):
"""Builds a queue out of a data generator.
The provided generator can be finite in which case the class will throw
a `StopIteration` exception.
Used in `fit_generator`, `evaluate_generator`, `predict_generator`.
# Arguments
sequence: a sequence function which yields data
use_multiprocessing: use multiprocessing if True, otherwise threading
wait_time: time to sleep in-between calls to `put()`
random_seed: Initial seed for workers,
will be incremented by one for each worker.
"""
def __init__(self, sequence, use_multiprocessing=False, wait_time=None,
random_seed=None):
super(GeneratorEnqueuer, self).__init__(sequence, use_multiprocessing)
self.random_seed = random_seed
if wait_time is not None:
warnings.warn('`wait_time` is not used anymore.',
DeprecationWarning)
def _get_executor_init(self, workers):
"""Get the Pool initializer for multiprocessing.
# Returns
Function, a Function to initialize the pool
"""
return lambda seqs: mp.Pool(workers,
initializer=init_pool_generator,
initargs=(seqs, self.random_seed))
def _run(self):
"""Submits request to the executor and queue the `Future` objects."""
self._send_sequence() # Share the initial generator
with closing(self.executor_fn(_SHARED_SEQUENCES)) as executor:
while True:
if self.stop_signal.is_set():
return
self.queue.put(
executor.apply_async(next_sample, (self.uid,)), block=True)
def get(self):
"""Creates a generator to extract data from the queue.
Skip the data if it is `None`.
# Yields
The next element in the queue, i.e. a tuple
`(inputs, targets)` or
`(inputs, targets, sample_weights)`.
"""
try:
while self.is_running():
try:
future = self.queue.get(block=True)
inputs = future.get(timeout=30)
self.queue.task_done()
except mp.TimeoutError:
warnings.warn(
'An input could not be retrieved.'
' It could be because a worker has died.'
'We do not have any information on the lost sample.',
UserWarning)
continue
if inputs is not None:
yield inputs
except StopIteration:
# Special case for finite generators
last_ones = []
while self.queue.qsize() > 0:
last_ones.append(self.queue.get(block=True))
# Wait for them to complete
list(map(lambda f: f.wait(), last_ones))
# Keep the good ones
last_ones = [future.get() for future in last_ones if future.successful()]
for inputs in last_ones:
if inputs is not None:
yield inputs
except Exception as e:
self.stop()
if 'generator already executing' in str(e):
raise RuntimeError(
"Your generator is NOT thread-safe."
"Keras requires a thread-safe generator when"
"`use_multiprocessing=False, workers > 1`."
"For more information see issue #1638.")
six.reraise(*sys.exc_info())
这就是它的来源。
所以 get_file
中的进度条是由 ..utils.generic_utils.Progbar
渲染的,它就是 keras 本身。
关于python - 程序负责在从 Keras 加载 InceptionV3 时显示 ETA,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59436814/
我有兴趣在 tf.keras 中训练一个模型,然后用 keras 加载它。我知道这不是高度建议,但我对使用 tf.keras 来训练模型很感兴趣,因为 tf.keras 更容易构建输入管道 我想利用
我进行了大量搜索,但仍然无法弄清楚如何编写具有多个交互输出的自定义损失函数。 我有一个神经网络定义为: def NeuralNetwork(): inLayer = Input((2,));
我正在阅读一篇名为 Differential Learning Rates 的文章在 Medium 上,想知道这是否可以应用于 Keras。我能够找到在 pytorch 中实现的这项技术。这可以在 K
我正在实现一个神经网络分类器,以打印我正在使用的这个神经网络的损失和准确性: score = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, verbose=False) model.m
我最近在查看模型摘要时遇到了这个问题。 我想知道,[(None, 16)] 和有什么区别?和 (None, 16) ?为什么输入层有这样的输入形状? 来源:model.summary() can't
我正在尝试使用 Keras 创建自定义损失函数。我想根据输入计算损失函数并预测神经网络的输出。 我尝试在 Keras 中使用 customloss 函数。我认为 y_true 是我们为训练提供的输出,
我有一组样本,每个样本都是一组属性的序列(例如,一个样本可以包含 10 个序列,每个序列具有 5 个属性)。属性的数量总是固定的,但序列的数量(时间戳)可能因样本而异。我想使用这个样本集在 Keras
Keras 在训练集和测试集文件夹中发现了错误数量的类。我有 3 节课,但它一直说有 4 节课。有人可以帮我吗? 这里的代码: cnn = Sequential() cnn.add(Conv2D(32
我想编写一个自定义层,在其中我可以在两次运行之间将变量保存在内存中。例如, class MyLayer(Layer): def __init__(self, out_dim = 51, **kwarg
我添加了一个回调来降低学习速度: keras.callbacks.ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_loss', factor=0.5, patience=100,
在 https://keras.io/layers/recurrent/我看到 LSTM 层有一个 kernel和一个 recurrent_kernel .它们的含义是什么?根据我的理解,我们需要 L
问题与标题相同。 我不想打开 Python,而是使用 MacOS 或 Ubuntu。 最佳答案 Python 库作者将版本号放入 .__version__ 。您可以通过在命令行上运行以下命令来打印它:
Keras 文档并不清楚这实际上是什么。我知道我们可以用它来将输入特征空间压缩成更小的空间。但从神经设计的角度来看,这是如何完成的呢?它是一个自动编码器,RBM吗? 最佳答案 据我所知,嵌入层是一个简
我想实现[http://ydwen.github.io/papers/WenECCV16.pdf]中解释的中心损失]在喀拉斯 我开始创建一个具有 2 个输出的网络,例如: inputs = Input
我正在尝试实现多对一模型,其中输入是大小为 的词向量d .我需要输出一个大小为 的向量d 在 LSTM 结束时。 在此 question ,提到使用(对于多对一模型) model = Sequenti
我有不平衡的训练数据集,这就是我构建自定义加权分类交叉熵损失函数的原因。但问题是我的验证集是平衡的,我想使用常规的分类交叉熵损失。那么我可以在 Keras 中为验证集传递不同的损失函数吗?我的意思是用
DL 中的一项常见任务是将输入样本归一化为零均值和单位方差。可以使用如下代码“手动”执行规范化: mean = np.mean(X, axis = 0) std = np.std(X, axis =
我正在尝试学习 Keras 并使用 LSTM 解决分类问题。我希望能够绘制 准确率和损失,并在训练期间更新图。为此,我正在使用 callback function . 由于某种原因,我在回调中收到的准
在 Keras 内置函数中嵌入使用哪种算法?Word2vec?手套?其他? https://keras.io/layers/embeddings/ 最佳答案 简短的回答是都不是。本质上,GloVe 的
我有一个使用 Keras 完全实现的 LSTM RNN,我想使用梯度剪裁,梯度范数限制为 5(我正在尝试复制一篇研究论文)。在实现神经网络方面,我是一个初学者,我将如何实现? 是否只是(我正在使用 r
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