Python 脚本无法在 Linux 上运行

Question

我有这个Python脚本

#!/usr/bin/env python
import datetime, os
from time import gmtime, strftime

to_backup = "/home/vmware/tobackup"
var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%b-%d-%I%p')
for f in os.listdir(to_backup):
    if(os.path.isfile(f)):
        print f + " is a file"
    if(os.path.isdir(f)):
        print f + " is a directory"

它给了我空输出。我不知道问题出在哪里

jimbob 博士答案的输出

total 36
-rwxrwxr-x 1 vmware vmware  440 May  5 07:41 back.py
-rwxrwxr-x 1 vmware vmware 2624 May  4 20:35 backup.sh
drwxr-xr-x 2 vmware vmware 4096 Jun 22  2010 Desktop
drwxrwxr-x 2 vmware vmware 4096 May  5 03:51 destination
drwxr-xr-x 2 root   root   4096 May  4 18:49 public_html
drwxrwxr-x 2 vmware vmware 4096 May  1 07:47 python
-rwxrwxr-x 1 vmware vmware  560 May  1 13:20 regex.py
drwxrwxrwx 7 vmware vmware 4096 May  5 03:50 tobackup
total 20
drwxrwxrwx 2 vmware vmware 4096 May  5 03:50 five
drwxrwxrwx 2 vmware vmware 4096 May  5 03:50 four
drwxrwxrwx 2 vmware vmware 4096 May  5 03:50 one
drwxrwxrwx 2 vmware vmware 4096 May  5 03:50 three
drwxrwxrwx 2 vmware vmware 4096 May  5 03:50 two

Answer 1

好的，您有权限，但是当您列出文件时，您不在正确的目录中。 list_dir 为您提供不带路径的目录/文件列表，os.path.isfile('one') 和 os.path.isdir('one') 将检查当前目录中是否存在目录“one”(无论您从何处启动脚本，除非您使用 os.chdir 显式更改目录或包含路径，例如 os.path.isdir('/home/vmware/tobackup)/one')。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import datetime, os
from time import gmtime, strftime
import subprocess

to_backup = "/home/vmware/tobackup"
var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%b-%d-%I%p')

os.chdir(to_backup)
# os.listdir(to_backup) = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five']
for f in os.listdir(to_backup):
    if(os.path.isfile(f)):
        print f + " is a file"
    if(os.path.isdir(f)):
        print f + " is a directory"

或

to_backup = "/home/vmware/tobackup"
var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%b-%d-%I%p')
# os.listdir(to_backup) = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five']
for f in os.listdir(to_backup):
    if(os.path.isfile(os.path.join(to_backup,f))):
        print f + " is a file"
    if(os.path.isdir(os.path.join(to_backup,f))):
        print f + " is a directory"

或使用walk(但实际上并不遍历子目录)。

to_backup = "/home/vmware/tobackup"
var1 = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%b-%d-%I%p')

root, dirs, files in os.walk(to_backup).next()
for file in files:
    print f + " is a file in " + root
for dir in dirs:
    print f + " is a directory"

编辑:更清楚地说，原始脚本的错误是您的文件结构如下:

/home/user/bin/your_script.py
/home/vmware/tobackup/
/home/vmware/tobackup/one
/home/vmware/tobackup/two
...

当您转到/home/user/bin 运行脚本(例如 python your_script.py)时，os.listdir('/home/vmware/tobackup') 会为您提供/home/vmware/tobackup 中的文件和目录名称列表，即 ['one','two', ...]。但是，当您从目录/home/user/bin 执行 os.path.isfile('one') 时，您会检查 /home/user/bin/one 是否是一个文件，而不是/home/vmware/tobackup/one 是否是一个文件。由于 /home/user/bin/one 不存在，因此您不会得到任何输出。