linux - Symfony 文件权限问题

Question

我有一个基于 Fedora 28(Linux 发行版)、Apache 2.4.33 和 PHP 7.2.5 的 Symfony 4 项目。所有这些都托管在 VPS(虚拟专用服务器)上。这是我第一次在线部署Symfony项目(之前我使用的是Symfony内置的PHP Server，不建议用于生产用途)。

我已经准备好使用我的 Symfony 项目，我清除了缓存并转到 localhost/MyProject/public/index.php/ (注意:我没有完全转到这里，我的项目在线，我使用了另一个 URL，但是，这不会改变任何内容)。当我看到this beautiful exception :

Unable to create the storage directory (/var/www/html/HAY/var/cache/dev/profiler).

多么美丽而又难以理解的异常(exception)!为什么？因为我的/var/www/html他的所有者是 apache:apache (注:我还在 root 组中添加了 apache，在 apache 组中添加了 root)，并且他的文件权限都设置为 777。那么，你会说，为什么不直接创建 /var/www/html/HAY/var/cache/dev/profiler目录？因为，当我这样做时......首先，我的探查器调试工具栏不起作用，而这一次，another file permission exception :

An exception has been thrown during the rendering of a template ("Failed to create "/var/www/html/HAY/var/cache/dev/translations"").

为什么不创建 /var/www/html/HAY/var/cache/dev/translations ？我做到了，我有this other exception 。我无法解决...为什么？正因为如此:

total 16
drwxrwxrwx+ 2 apache apache 4096 May 20 14:00 .
drwxrwxrwx+ 8 apache apache 4096 May 20 14:00 ..

...为什么？？？只是为什么？？？这就是我为解决这个疯狂问题所做的努力的预览!

  304  php bin/console cache:clear
  305  php bin/console cache:clear --env=PROD
  306  chown -R apache:apache ./
  307  ls -la
  308  chown -R root:root ./
  309  ls -al var/cache/dev/
  310  mkdir profiler
  311  rm profiler/
  312  rm -rf profiler/
  313  mkdir var/cache/dev/profiler
  314  cp templates/home.html.twig ../
  315  ls ..
  316  rm -rf ./
  317  cd ..
  318  rm -rf HAY/
  319  git clone https://github.com/TheOpenMedium/HAY.git
  320  cd HAY/
  321  composer install
  322  mv ../home.html.twig templates/home.html.twig 
  323  mv ../home.html.twig templates/home.html.twig 
  324  cat templates/home.html.twig 
  325  nano .env
  326  cat .env
  327  composer require apache-pack
  328  nano .env
  329  chmod -R 777 -R
  330  chmod -R 777 ./
  331  chmod -R 777 ./ -v
  332  chmod -R 777 var/cache/dev/ -v
  333  chmod -R 777 var/cache/dev/ -1v
  334  chmod -R 777 var/cache/dev/
  335  ls -la var/cache/dev/
  336  chmod -R 775 var/cache/dev/
  337  chmod -R 777 var/cache/dev/
  338  ls -al /var/www/
  339  find httpd.conf
  340  find / httpd.conf
  341  find --help
  342  find -D search / "httpd.conf"
  343  find --help
  344  history
  345  history | grep "httpd.conf"
  346  nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
  347  systemctl restart httpd.serice
  348  systemctl restart httpd.service
  349  systemctl status httpd.service
  350  nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
  351  systemctl status httpd.service
  352  systemctl restart httpd.service
  353  chown -R /var/www/html/ apache:apache
  354  chown -R apache:apache /var/www/html/
  355  ls -al
  356  less public/index.php 
  357  cat public/index.php | grep "umask"
  358  chmod -R 777 var/log/
  359  nano .env
  360  php bin/console cache:warmup
  361  php bin/console cache:warmup
  362  nano .env
  363  php bin/console cache:warmup
  364  nano .env
  365  nano .env
  366  php bin/console cache:clear
  367  php bin/console cache:warmup
  368  nano .env
  369  php bin/console cache:clear
  370  php bin/console cache:warmup
  371  nano .env
  372  php bin/console cache:clear
  373  php bin/console cache:warmup
  374  mkdir var/cache/dev/profiler
  375  nano .env
  413  chmod -R 777 ./
  414  ls -la var/cache/dev/doctrine/orm/Proxies/
  415  ls -la var/cache/dev/doctrine/orm/
  416  chown -R apache:apache ./
  417  ls -la
  418  chown -R www-data:www-data ./
  419  users
  420  users --help
  421  usermod --help
  422  php bin/console cache:clear
  423  chmod -R 777 ./
  424  nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
  425  rm -rf var/cache/*
  426  rm -rf var/log/*
  427  chmod 777 var/cache
  428  chmod 777 var/log
  429  chmod -R 777 ./
  430  php bin/console doctrine:database:create
  431  php bin/console doctrine:migrations:migrate
  432  ls -la var/cache
  433  ls -la var/cache/dev/
  434  chmod -R 777 ./
  435  sudo setfacl -R -m u:apache:rwX -m u:`whoami`:rwX var/cache/
  436  sudo setfacl -R -m u:apache:rwX -m u:`whoami`:rwX var/cache
  437  sudo setfacl -dR -m u:apache:rwX -m u:`whoami`:rwX var/cache var/log
  438  sudo setfacl -R -m u:apache:rwX -m u:`whoami`:rwX var/cache var/log
  439  sudo -u apache php bin/console cache:clear
  440  chmod -R 777 ./

有趣的事实:运行之前 439 sudo -u apache php bin/console cache:clear我在处理异常时遇到了异常 XD! #盗梦空间!

另外，这是我的 httpd.conf:

#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.
# In particular, see 
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.  
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so 'log/access_log'
# with ServerRoot set to '/www' will be interpreted by the
# server as '/www/log/access_log', where as '/log/access_log' will be
# interpreted as '/log/access_log'.

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used.  If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.  
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User apache
Group apache

# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
ServerAdmin root@localhost

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80

#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other 
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

#
# Relax access to content within /var/www.
#
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    # Allow open access:
    Require all granted
</Directory>

# Further relax access to the default document root:
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    #
    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
    # or any combination of:
    #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
    #
    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
    # doesn't give it to you.
    #
    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see
    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
    # for more information.
    #
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Require all granted
</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being 
# viewed by Web clients. 
#
<Files ".ht*">
    Require all denied
</Files>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    #CustomLog "logs/access_log" common

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>
    #
    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to 
    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client 
    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
    # Example:
    # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

    #
    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
    # Example:
    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
    #
    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely
    # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
    # the filesystem path.

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. 
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

#
# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>
    #
    # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
    # filename extension to MIME-type.
    #
    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

    #
    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
    #
    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
    #
    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
    #
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #
    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
    # or added with the Action directive (see below)
    #
    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    #AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

#
# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default.  To use the 
# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags
# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this
# directive:
#
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>
    #
    # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
    # contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
    # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
    #
    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, 
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted 
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#
#EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile on

# Supplemental configuration
#
# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

这是一个 ls -la /var/www/html/HAY/ :

total 264
drwxrwxrwx. 12 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:22 .
drwxr-xr-x.  3 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:23 ..
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache   1000 May 19 23:10 .env
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache    923 May 19 22:22 .env.dist
drwxrwxrwx.  8 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:22 .git
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache    385 May 19 22:22 .gitignore
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache   3256 May 19 22:22 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache    956 May 19 22:22 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache   2239 May 19 22:22 ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache   1067 May 19 22:22 LICENSE
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache   3483 May 19 22:22 README.md
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache   3982 May 19 22:22 READMEFR.md
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache     26 May 19 22:22 _config.yml
drwxrwxrwx.  2 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:22 bin
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache   2050 May 20 12:32 composer.json
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache 161543 May 20 12:29 composer.lock
drwxrwxrwx.  4 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:22 config
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache   1201 May 19 22:22 phpunit.xml.dist
drwxrwxrwx.  6 apache apache   4096 May 20 12:25 public
drwxrwxrwx.  6 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:22 src
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 apache apache   7910 May 20 12:29 symfony.lock
drwxrwxrwx.  7 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:23 templates
drwxrwxrwx.  3 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:22 tests
drwxrwxrwx.  2 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:22 translations
drwxrwxrwx.  4 apache apache   4096 May 19 22:22 var
drwxrwxrwx. 13 apache apache   4096 May 20 12:29 vendor

感谢您花时间阅读我的问题;)!

Answer 1

我没有完全找到问题的解决方案，但我解决了它。

我刚刚重新安装了我的 VPS，这次将我的操作系统从 Fedora Cloud 28 更改为 Ubuntu Server 18.04。我安装了我的网站，并且，我不知道为什么，它就工作了...也许我第一次配置 VPS 时出错，或者可能是因为我在 Fedora Cloud 下运行(而不是 Fedora Server，但我的 VPS 提供商不让我选择。)。

然后，如果你有同样的问题，只需重新安装你的VPS，也许它会起作用......