python - 将 curl 调用转换为 python 请求

Question

我在将 curl 请求转换为 Python 请求调用时遇到问题:

这里是 curl 调用的样子:(取自:http://developers.payu.com/en/restapi.html#creating_new_order_api)

curl -X POST https://secure.payu.com/api/v2_1/orders \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer 3e5cac39-7e38-4139-8fd6-30adc06a61bd" \
-d '{
    "notifyUrl": "https://your.eshop.com/notify",
    "customerIp": "127.0.0.1",
    "merchantPosId": "145227",
    "description": "RTV market",
    "currencyCode": "PLN",
    "totalAmount": "21000",
    "products": [
        {
            "name": "Wireless Mouse for Laptop",
            "unitPrice": "15000",
            "quantity": "1"
        },
        {
            "name": "HDMI cable",
            "unitPrice": "6000",
            "quantity": "1"
        }
    ]
}'

这是我在请求中写的:

import json
import requests
headers = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    'Authorization': 'Bearer 3e5cac39-7e38-4139-8fd6-30adc06a61bd',
}

data = {
    "notifyUrl": "https://your.eshop.com/notify",
    "customerIp": "127.0.0.1",
    "merchantPosId": "145227",
    "description": "RTV market",
    "currencyCode": "PLN",
    "totalAmount": "21000",
    "products": [
        {
            "name": "Wireless Mouse for Laptop",
            "unitPrice": "15000",
            "quantity": "1"
        },
        {
             "name": "HDMI cable",
             "unitPrice": "6000",
             "quantity": "1"
        }
    ]
}

resp2 = requests.post('https://secure.payu.com/api/v2_1/orders', headers=headers, json=data)
print(resp2.json())

curl 作为响应打印出来:

{"orderId":"V6GRPMNRLR160429GUEST000P01","status":{"statusCode":"SUCCESS"},"redirectUri":"https://secure.payu.com/pl/standard/co/summary?sessionId=HtnLqVtBJ5tcOKG2nX03TKwAXOYtXPHe&merchantPosId=145227&timeStamp=1461948331350&showLoginDialog=false&apiToken=9f31fcd1d0d1c5fde8aa57c2b16b5d6bbdfe81543a5f6a12cd39955a487fdaab"}

而 python 要求:

/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:315: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Subject Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#snimissingwarning.        
  SNIMissingWarning                                                                                                                                                                                                       
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:120: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.                                                                           
  InsecurePlatformWarning                                                                                                                                                                                                 
Traceback (most recent call last):                                                                                                                                                                                        
  File "/home/ubuntu/workspace/src/billing/testapi.py", line 30, in <module>                                                                                                                                              
    print(resp2.json())                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/requests/models.py", line 808, in json                                                                                                                                     
    return complexjson.loads(self.text, **kwargs)                                                                                                                                                                         
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/simplejson/__init__.py", line 488, in loads                                                                                                                                      
    return _default_decoder.decode(s)                                                                                                                                                                                     
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/simplejson/decoder.py", line 370, in decode                                                                                                                                      
    obj, end = self.raw_decode(s)                                                                                                                                                                                         
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/simplejson/decoder.py", line 389, in raw_decode                                                                                                                                  
    return self.scan_once(s, idx=_w(s, idx).end())                                                                                                                                                                        
simplejson.scanner.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 8 column 1 (char 7)   

有谁知道为什么它不能处理请求？谢谢

Answer 1

站点以 302 状态代码响应，包括 Location header :

>>> resp = requests.post('https://secure.payu.com/api/v2_1/orders', headers=headers, json=data)
>>> resp.history
[<Response [302]>, <Response [302]>]
>>> resp.history[0].headers['location']
'https://secure.payu.com/pl/standard/co/summary?sessionId=rrQ97fR2bxQJhUqCDORCbRa0uA4WlxJi&merchantPosId=145227&timeStamp=1461950205252&showLoginDialog=false&apiToken=f3599eca78ad55a16d84608e69f3ac7458b782598b064b337be07e8bd6c2c1d5'
>>> resp.history[0].text
u'{"orderId":"Z9W2H77TVD160429GUEST000P01","status":{"statusCode":"SUCCESS"},"redirectUri":"https://secure.payu.com/pl/standard/co/summary?sessionId=rrQ97fR2bxQJhUqCDORCbRa0uA4WlxJi&merchantPosId=145227&timeStamp=1461950205252&showLoginDialog=false&apiToken=f3599eca78ad55a16d84608e69f3ac7458b782598b064b337be07e8bd6c2c1d5"}'

您可以通过查看包含先前请求的 response.history 列表来查看重定向历史记录(就像我上面所做的那样)。 resp.history[0] 是这里的初始响应。参见 Redirection and History在文档中。

请注意，初始响应中的数据就在那里。

当您使用任何 Accept-Encoding header 时，网站会执行此操作；如果你添加，你会得到相同的结果

-H "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate"

到 curl 命令，或通过将相同的 header (具有任何值)添加到 supplied payu.apiari.io console (单击 Headers，然后添加 Accept-Encoding header 并为 header 添加一个值)。

您应该认为这是站点中的错误，因为指定 header 是完全正常的事情。事实上，Python httplib 库(由 requests 间接使用)会为该 header 设置一个默认值，如果您自己省略的话，所以这是requests 甚至无法关闭。因此，我已将此作为错误报告给 PayU。

作为变通方法，您可以使用 response.history[0] 引用，或者更好的是，首先告诉请求不要遵循重定向:

>>> resp = requests.post('https://secure.payu.com/api/v2_1/orders', headers=headers, json=data, allow_redirects=False)
>>> resp.json()
{u'orderId': u'NBWTP5WNKK160429GUEST000P01', u'status': {u'statusCode': u'SUCCESS'}, u'redirectUri': u'https://secure.payu.com/pl/standard/co/summary?sessionId=PcvceJHf5En60Dier5gKxCyExiva4qh0&merchantPosId=145227&timeStamp=1461950329704&showLoginDialog=false&apiToken=5962ef901010ca4f8ef6491619217c060f4d53ed0d8e4eadb513d4e0811fc992'}

但要注意忽略 302 可能会干扰正常的状态代码，我看到了 a 302 may indicate that additional security info is required .