Python Turtle Space Invaders 子弹没有击中入侵者

Question

总的来说，我对 turtle 和 python 还很陌生，所以如果我的代码看起来很乱，我深表歉意。

我目前正在编写 turtle 版本的太空入侵者，但我不明白为什么我的入侵者在撞到 turtle 时没有死。代码似乎与我能找到的所有其他太空入侵者 turtle 程序相同。任何帮助将不胜感激。

import turtle
import random
import math

#### Player ####
player1 = turtle.Turtle()
player1.shape("arrow")
player1.color("white")
player1.speed(0)
player1.penup()
player1.setheading(90)
player1.setposition(0, -175)
player1.speed(4)


def move_right():
    x = player1.xcor()
    x += playerspeed
    if x > 210:
        x = 210
    player1.setx(x)


def move_left():
    x = player1.xcor()
    x -= playerspeed
    if x < -210:
        x = -210
    player1.setx(x)


bulletlist = []


def fire():
    if len(bulletlist) < 5:
        bulletlist.append(Bullet())


#### Window ####
win = turtle.Screen()
win.bgcolor("black")
win.tracer(2)

border_pen = turtle.Turtle()
border_pen.speed(0)
border_pen.color("white")
border_pen.penup()
border_pen.setposition(-225, -225)
border_pen.pensize(3)
border_pen.pendown()
for side in range(4):
    border_pen.fd(450)
    border_pen.lt(90)
border_pen.hideturtle()


### Invader ###
class Invader(turtle.Turtle):
    def __init__(self, xcor, ycor):
        turtle.Turtle.__init__(self)
        self.color("red")
        self.shape("turtle")
        self.penup()
        self.speed(0)
        self.setposition(xcor, ycor)
        self.setheading(270)
        self.speed(1)
        self.hit = 0


### Bullet ###
bulletstate = 1


class Bullet(turtle.Turtle):
    def __init__(self):
        turtle.Turtle.__init__(self)
        self.color("yellow")
        self.shape("arrow")
        self.shapesize(.5, 1)
        self.penup()
        self.speed(0)
        self.setheading(90)
        self.hideturtle()
        self.bulletspeed = 20


fire()


def bullet_movement():
    global firedb
    firedb = bulletlist[-1]
    firedb.speed(0)
    ybul = firedb.ycor()
    ybul += 10
    firedb.sety(ybul)
    if ybul > 195:
        firedb.hideturtle()


def fire_bullet():
    print("fire!")
    firedb = bulletlist[-1]
    firedb.hideturtle()
    x = player1.xcor()
    y = player1.ycor() + 20
    firedb.setpos(x, y)
    firedb.showturtle()
    if firedb.ycor() > 200:
        firedb.hideturtle()
        bulletlist.remove(firedb)


def bulletmake():
    bulletfire = Bullet()


def bulletmechanics():
    fire()
    fire_bullet()


win.listen()
win.onkey(move_left, "Left")
win.onkey(move_right, "Right")
win.onkey(fire_bullet, "space")

enemies = []
xx = -175
xxxx = -175
for invader in range(19):
    if invader <= 9:
        enemies.append(Invader(xx, 200))
        xx += 30
    if invader >= 9:
        enemies.append(Invader(xxxx, 175))
        xxxx += 30

playerspeed = 7
enemyspeed = 8

def isCollision(t1, t2):
    distance = math.sqrt(math.pow(t1.xcor()-t2.xcor(),2)+math.pow(t1.ycor()-t2.ycor(),2))
    if distance < 15:
        return True
    else:
        return False

dead = []
while True:
    global firedb
    firedb = bulletlist[-1]
    fire()
    bullet_movement()
    for Invader in enemies:
        bullet_movement()

        # if Invader.distance(firedb.xcor()+200, firedb.ycor()+200) < 1:
        if isCollision(bulletlist[-1], Invader) == True:
            print("AAAAAAAAGH")
            isCollision(firedb, Invader)
            Invader.hit += 1
        if Invader.hit == 1:
            Invader.color("orange")
        if Invader.hit == 2:
            Invader.color("yellow")
        if Invader.hit == 3:
            Invader.speed(0)
            Invader.setpos(1000, 1000)
            dead.append(Invader)
            Invader.hideturtle()
        for invader in enemies:
            bullet_movement()
            xpos = invader.xcor()
            invader.speed(0)
            xpos += enemyspeed
            invader.setx(xpos)
            if invader.xcor() > 200:
                for invader in enemies:
                    ypos = invader.ycor()
                    ypos -= 40
                    invader.sety(ypos)
                enemyspeed *= -1
            if invader.xcor() < -200:
                for invader in enemies:
                    y = invader.ycor()
                    y -= 40
                    invader.sety(y)
                enemyspeed *= -1

Answer 1

我认为您的问题在于将子弹运动与入侵者运动交织在一起的方式。在你的 while True: 循环中(它不应该存在于像 turtle 这样的事件驱动世界中)你在顶层调用 bullet_movement() ，然后在 for 循环并在嵌套的 for 循环中再次循环。所以你看到子弹的位置和它相对于入侵者的位置不一定相同。

我已经重新编写了您的代码，并且出于示例目的，在某些地方对其进行了简化。除了上述问题，我还修改了代码以使用 turtle tilt，这非常适合 turtle 面向一个方向但向另一个方向移动的此类游戏。我已经完全破坏了您的 isCollision() 函数，因为 turtle 已经知道如何计算它们与另一只 turtle 的距离。

from turtle import Screen, Turtle

class Invader(Turtle):
    def __init__(self, xcor, ycor):
        super().__init__(shape="turtle")
        self.color("red")
        self.penup()
        self.setposition(xcor, ycor)
        self.tilt(-90)
        self.speed('slow')

        self.hit = 0

class Bullet(Turtle):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(shape="arrow", visible=False)
        self.shapesize(.5, 1)
        self.color("yellow")
        self.penup()
        self.setheading(90)
        self.speed('fastest')

        self.bulletspeed = 20

def move_right():
    if player.xcor() + playerspeed < 210:

        player.forward(playerspeed)

def move_left():
    if player.xcor() - playerspeed > -210:

        player.backward(playerspeed)

def bullet_movement():
    firedb.forward(10)

    if firedb.ycor() > 195:
        firedb.hideturtle()

def fire_bullet():
    if not firedb.isvisible():
        x, y = player.position()
        firedb.setposition(x, y + 20)
        firedb.showturtle()

def isCollision(t1, t2):
    return t1.distance(t2) < 20

def move():
    global enemyspeed

    if firedb.isvisible():
        bullet_movement()

    for invader in enemies:
        if firedb.isvisible() and isCollision(firedb, invader):
                invader.hit += 1

                if invader.hit == 1:
                    invader.color("orange")
                elif invader.hit == 2:
                    invader.color("yellow")
                elif invader.hit == 3:
                    invader.hideturtle()
                    enemies.remove(invader)

                firedb.hideturtle()  # only one hit per bullet!

        invader.forward(enemyspeed)

        if invader.xcor() < -200 or invader.xcor() > 200:
            for invader in enemies:
                y = invader.ycor() - 40
                invader.sety(y)
            enemyspeed *= -1

    win.update()
    win.ontimer(move, 50)

#### Player ####

player = Turtle("arrow")
player.color("white")
player.penup()
player.tilt(90)
player.sety(-175)
player.speed('fast')

#### Window ####

win = Screen()
win.bgcolor("black")
win.tracer(False)

border_pen = Turtle(visible=False)
border_pen.speed('fastest')
border_pen.color("white")
border_pen.pensize(3)

border_pen.penup()
border_pen.setposition(-225, -225)
border_pen.pendown()

for _ in range(4):
    border_pen.forward(450)
    border_pen.left(90)

### Bullet ###

firedb = Bullet()

enemies = []

xx = -175
xxxx = -190
for invader_count in range(19):
    if invader_count < 9:
        enemies.append(Invader(xx, 200))
        xx += 30
    else:
        enemies.append(Invader(xxxx, 175))
        xxxx += 30

playerspeed = 7
enemyspeed = 2

win.onkey(move_left, "Left")
win.onkey(move_right, "Right")
win.onkey(fire_bullet, "space")
win.listen()

move()

win.mainloop()

最后，要小心经常被误解的 Python global 和 turtle tracer()。