python - Selenium Python webscraper 真的很慢

Question

我是网络抓取工具的新手。我做了一些有用的东西，但要花好几个小时才能得到我需要的一切。我阅读了一些关于使用并行进程来处理 URL 的内容，但我不知道如何去做并将其合并到我已有的内容中。非常感谢您的帮助!

这是我的代码，仍然非常困惑。我还在学习:)

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC 
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
import time
import random
import pprint
import itertools
import csv
import pandas as pd

start_url = "https://www.nationalevacaturebank.nl/vacature/zoeken?query=&location=&distance=city&limit=100&sort=relevance&filters%5BcareerLevel%5D%5B%5D=Starter&filters%5BeducationLevel%5D%5B%5D=MBO"

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.set_page_load_timeout(20)
driver.get(start_url)
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="form_save"]').click() #accepts cookies

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, random.randint(1500,3200)/1000.0)
j = random.randint(1500,3200)/1000.0
time.sleep(j)
num_jobs = int(driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/main/div[2]/div[3]/div/header/h2/span').text)
num_pages = int(num_jobs/102)

urls = []
list_of_links = []

for i in range(num_pages+1):
        try:


            elements = wait.until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.XPATH, '//*[@id="search-results-container"]//article/job/a')))
            for i in elements:
                list_of_links.append(i.get_attribute('href'))

            j = random.randint(1500,3200)/1000.0
            time.sleep(j) 

            if 'page=3' not in driver.current_url:
                driver.find_element_by_xpath('//html/body/div[3]/div/main/div[2]/div[3]/div/paginator/div/nav[1]/ul/li[6]/a').click()
            else:
                driver.find_element_by_xpath('//html/body/div[3]/div/main/div[2]/div[3]/div/paginator/div/nav[1]/ul/li[5]/a').click()

            url = driver.current_url
            if url not in urls:
                print(url)
                urls.append(url)

            else:
                break


        except:
            continue


set_list_of_links = list(set(list_of_links))
print(len(set_list_of_links), "results")                
driver.close()

def grouper(n, iterable):
    it = iter(iterable)
    while True:
       chunk = tuple(itertools.islice(it, n))
       if not chunk:
           return
       yield chunk

def remove_empty_lists(l):
    keep_going = True
    prev_l = l
    while keep_going:
        new_l = remover(prev_l)
        #are they identical objects?
        if new_l == prev_l:
            keep_going = False
        #set prev to new
        prev_l = new_l
    #return the result
    return new_l


def remover(l):
    newlist = []
    for i in l:
        if isinstance(i, list) and len(i) != 0:
            newlist.append(remover(i))
        if not isinstance(i, list):
            newlist.append(i)

    return newlist

vacatures = []
chunks = grouper(100, set_list_of_links)
chunk_count = 0

for chunk in chunks: 
    chunk_count +=1
    print(chunk_count)
    j = random.randint(1500,3200)/1000.0
    time.sleep(j)

    for url in chunk:

        driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        driver.set_page_load_timeout(20)

        try: 
            driver.get(url)
            driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="form_save"]').click() #accepts cookies

            vacature = []
            vacature.append(url)

            j = random.randint(1500,3200)/1000.0
            time.sleep(j)

            elements = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('dl')
            p_elements = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('p')
            li_elements = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('li')

            for i in elements:
                if "Salaris:" not in i.text:
                    vacature.append(i.text)

            running_text = list()
            for p in p_elements:
                running_text.append(p.text)

            text= [''.join(running_text)]

            remove_ls = ['vacatures', 'carrièretips', 'help', 'inloggen', 'inschrijven', 'Bezoek website', 'YouTube',
                        'Over Nationale Vacaturebank', 'Werken bij de Persgroep', 'Persberichten', 'Autotrack', 'Tweakers',
                        'Tweakers Elect', 'ITBanen', 'Contact', 'Carrière Mentors', 'Veelgestelde vragen',
                         'Vacatures, stages en bijbanen', 'Bruto Netto Calculator', 'Salariswijzer', 'Direct vacature plaatsen',
                         'Kandidaten zoeken', 'Bekijk de webshop', 'Intermediair', 'Volg ons op Facebook']

            for li in li_elements:
                if li.text not in remove_ls: 
                    text.append(li.text)

            text = ''. join(text)
            vacature.append(text)

            vacatures.append(vacature)

            driver.close() 

        except TimeoutException as ex:
            isrunning = 0
            print("Exception has been thrown. " + str(ex))
            driver.close()

        except NoSuchElementException:
            continue 

Answer 1

Python Selenium webdriver 不是线程安全的。这意味着您的浏览器无法正确使用来自多个线程的异步调用。尝试用 requests 抓取网站和 bs4 + lxml .它比 Selenium 快得多。 This回答可能会有帮助。