c - 具有依赖关系的类似 Arduino 的 Makefile ......？

Question

我目前正在尝试为 STM8 microcontroller 开发 C 库和项目模板使用 SDCC OS compiler .我的目标是类似于 Arduino 的(几乎)与 NOOB 兼容的设置 - 但使用 make+shellscripts 而不是 IDE(我的野心是有限的......)

目前我正在努力使用 make 来自动检测依赖项。在 Arduino 中，用户只包含相关的标题，例如“#include LCD-lib”，构建机制会自动检测依赖关系并链接相应的库。无需手动将其添加到 IDE 或 Makefile。

我喜欢它的简单性，但到目前为止，我在创建相应的 Makefile 时惨遭失败。基本上 Makefile 应该实现以下目标:

1. 扫描项目根目录中的 *.c 文件以查找包含的 header 。请注意，这些文件位于不同的 lib 文件夹中
2. 将所有包含的头文件和(如果存在)相应的 C 文件添加到构建过程中
3. 为了最大限度地减少编译时间和大小，在构建过程中必须跳过 lib 文件夹中未使用的 C 文件

我相信 make 可以完成上述所有工作 - 但还达不到我对 make 的经验水平... :-(

这是我想到的文件夹结构:

├── Library
│   ├── Base
│   │   ├── general STM8 sources and headers 
│   ├── STM8S_Discovery
│   │   └── board specific sources and headers
│   └── User
│       └── optional user library sources and headers
├── Projects
│   ├── Examples (to be filled)
│   │   └── Basic_Project
│   │       ├── compile_upload.sh  --> double-click to build and upload
│   │       ├── config.h
│   │       ├── main.c
│   │       └── Makefile           --> should detect dependencies in ./*.c and ./*.h
│   └── User_Projects (still empty)
└── Tools
    ├── programmer.py              --> for programming (already works from make)
    └── terminal.py                --> for serial terminal (already works from make)

我知道要问的问题很多，但方便的 Makefile 是我的主要障碍。非常感谢任何帮助!!!非常感谢!

问候，Georg Icking-Konert

Answer 1

注意:我意识到这个答案并不能满足您的所有要求，事实上这种方法仍然需要您列出您在项目中使用的相关 Arduino 库的名称，以及一个列表应该包含在项目中的目录的路径。但是，这个解决方案是我能想到的最接近您要求的解决方案，它可能仍会帮助其他人阅读这个问题。

---

我为此使用 Arduino Makefile:

1. 将 Makefile.master 放入您的主工作区目录
2. 当你开始一个新的 Arduino 项目时，你将它创建为你工作区中的一个子目录
   • 用.pde/.ino 创建一个文件包含 setup() 的扩展名和 `loop() 方法
   • 将剩下的逻辑放入.c/.cpp/.h/.hpp文件

3. 添加一个项目 Makefile 在此子目录中设置项目细化设置，例如:

   # Your Arduino environment.
   ARD_HOME = /usr/share/arduino
   ARD_BIN = $(ARD_HOME)/hardware/tools/avr/bin
   
   # Monitor Baudrate
   MON_SPEED = 4800
   
   # Board settings.
   BOARD = uno
   PORT = /dev/ttyACM0
   PROGRAMMER = stk500v2
   
   # Where to find header files and libraries.
   INC_DIRS =
   MY_LIB_DIRS =
   LIBS =
   LIB_DIRS = $(addprefix $(ARD_HOME)/libraries/, $(LIBS)) $(MY_LIB_DIRS)
   
   include ../Makefile.master
   

4. 使用make all编译并运行, make upload , make monitor等

确保您在 Unix/Linux 机器(或同等机器)上安装了 picocom 作为控制台串行监视器。在 MAC-OS 上，您可以通过设置 MON_CMD 来使用屏幕相应地变化。

---

Makefile.master:

原始Makefile.master 由Alan Burlison 编写并由 Matthieu Weber 修改, 并且可以找到 here .

我做了一些更改以使其适合我的配置，特别是我添加了以下代码行:

### DEBUG Compilation ###
ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
    ARD_FLAGS += -DDEBUG_PROJ
    C_FLAGS += -g
    CXX_FLAGS += -g
else
    ARD_FLAGS += -DNDEBUG_PROJ
endif

随后删除了 -g默认选项 C/CXX _FLAGS Makefile.master 中的条目。这样，符号信息 就不会添加到release 代码中，只有在使用DEBUG=1 编译代码时才会添加。

屏蔽的代码

#ifdef DEBUG_PROJ
    /* debug code here */
#endif
// or
#ifndef NDEBUG_PROJ
    /* debug code here */
#endif

找到进入二进制文件的方式，从而生成更小的release 可执行文件。

在这里你可以找到我自己的版本的Makefile.master:

#
# Copyright 2011 Alan Burlison, alan@bleaklow.com.  All rights reserved.
# Subsequently modified by Matthieu Weber, matthieu.weber@jyu.fi.
# Subsequently modified by Patrick Trentin, patrick.trentin.88@gmail.com
# Use is subject to license terms.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
#  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
#     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
#  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
#     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
#     and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ALAN BURLISON "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
# WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
# EVENT SHALL ALAN BURLISON OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA,
# OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
# EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
# Makefile for building Arduino projects outside of the Arduino environment
#
# This makefile should be included into a per-project Makefile of the following
# form:
#
# ----------
# BOARD = mega
# PORT = /dev/term/0
# INC_DIRS = ../common
# LIB_DIRS = ../libraries/Task ../../libraries/VirtualWire
# include ../../Makefile.master
# ----------
#
# Where:
#   BOARD    : Arduino board type, from $(ARD_HOME)/hardware/boards.txt
#   PORT     : USB port
#   INC_DIRS : List pf directories containing header files
#   LIB_DIRS : List of directories containing library source
#
# Before using this Makefile you can adjust the following macros to suit
# your environment, either by editing this file directly or by defining them in
# the Makefile that includes this one, in which case they will override the
# definitions below:
#   ARD_REV      : arduino software revision, e.g. 0017, 0018
#   ARD_HOME     : installation directory of the Arduino software.
#   ARD_BIN      : location of compiler binaries
#   AVRDUDE      : location of avrdude executable
#   AVRDUDE_CONF : location of avrdude configuration file
#   PROGRAMMER   : avrdude programmer type
#   MON_TERM     : terminal command for serial monitor
#   MON_CMD      : serial monitor command
#   MON_SPEED    : serial monitor speed
#

# Global configuration.
ARD_REV ?= 100
ARD_HOME ?= /usr/local/arduino
ARD_BIN ?= /usr/bin
AVRDUDE ?= $(ARD_HOME)/hardware/tools/avrdude
AVRDUDE_CONF ?= $(ARD_HOME)/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf
MON_TERM ?= xterm
MON_SPEED ?= 57600
MON_CMD ?= picocom
PORT ?= $(HOME)/dev/arduino
BOARD ?= atmega328

### Nothing below here should require editing. ###

# Check for the required definitions.

ifndef BOARD
    $(error $$(BOARD) not defined)
endif
ifndef PORT
    $(error $$(PORT) not defined)
endif

# Version-specific settings
ARD_BOARDS = $(ARD_HOME)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt
ARD_SRC_DIR = $(ARD_HOME)/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
ARD_MAIN = $(ARD_SRC_DIR)/main.cpp

# Standard macros.
SKETCH = $(notdir $(CURDIR))
BUILD_DIR = build
VPATH = $(LIB_DIRS)

# Macros derived from boards.txt
MCU := $(shell sed -n 's/$(BOARD)\.build\.mcu=\(.*\)/\1/p' < $(ARD_BOARDS))
F_CPU := $(shell sed -n 's/$(BOARD)\.build\.f_cpu=\(.*\)/\1/p' < $(ARD_BOARDS))
UPLOAD_SPEED := \
    $(shell sed -n 's/$(BOARD)\.upload\.speed=\(.*\)/\1/p' < $(ARD_BOARDS))
PROGRAMMER := \
    $(shell sed -n 's/$(BOARD)\.upload\.protocol=\(.*\)/\1/p' < $(ARD_BOARDS))
ARD_VAR := \
    $(shell sed -n 's/$(BOARD)\.build\.variant=\(.*\)/\1/p' < $(ARD_BOARDS))

# More Version-specific settings
ARD_VAR_DIR = $(ARD_HOME)/hardware/arduino/variants/$(ARD_VAR)

# Build tools.
CC = $(ARD_BIN)/avr-gcc
CXX = $(ARD_BIN)/avr-g++
CXXFILT = $(ARD_BIN)/avr-c++filt
OBJCOPY = $(ARD_BIN)/avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(ARD_BIN)/avr-objdump
AR = $(ARD_BIN)/avr-ar
SIZE = $(ARD_BIN)/avr-size
NM = $(ARD_BIN)/avr-nm
MKDIR = mkdir -p
RM = rm -rf
MV = mv -f
LN = ln -f

# Compiler flags.
INC_FLAGS = \
    $(addprefix -I,$(INC_DIRS)) $(addprefix -I,$(LIB_DIRS)) -I$(ARD_SRC_DIR) -I$(ARD_VAR_DIR)
ARD_FLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -DARDUINO=$(ARD_REV)
C_CXX_FLAGS = \
    -Wall -Wextra -Wundef -Wno-unused-parameter \
    -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wa,-adhlns=$(BUILD_DIR)/$*.lst
C_FLAGS = \
    $(C_CXX_FLAGS) -std=gnu99 -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-old-style-declaration
CXX_FLAGS = $(C_CXX_FLAGS)

### DEBUG Compilation ###
ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
    ARD_FLAGS += -DDEBUG_PROJ
    C_FLAGS += -g
    CXX_FLAGS += -g
else
    ARD_FLAGS += -DNDEBUG_PROJ
endif

# Optimiser flags.
#     optimise for size, unsigned by default, pack data.
#     separate sections, drop unused ones, shorten branches, jumps.
#     don't inline, vectorise loops. no exceptions.
#     no os preamble, use function calls in prologues.
# http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.3.5/gcc/
# http://www.tty1.net/blog/2008-04-29-avr-gcc-optimisations_en.html
OPT_FLAGS = \
     -Os -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums \
    -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wl,--gc-sections,--relax \
    -fno-inline-small-functions -fno-tree-scev-cprop -fno-exceptions \
    -ffreestanding -mcall-prologues

# Build parameters.
IMAGE = $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SKETCH)
ARD_C_SRC = $(wildcard $(ARD_SRC_DIR)/*.c)
ARD_CXX_SRC = $(wildcard $(ARD_SRC_DIR)/*.cpp)
ARD_C_OBJ = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(notdir $(ARD_C_SRC)))
ARD_CXX_OBJ = $(patsubst %.cpp,%.o,$(notdir $(ARD_CXX_SRC)))
ARD_LIB = arduino
ARD_AR = $(BUILD_DIR)/lib$(ARD_LIB).a
ARD_AR_OBJ = $(ARD_AR)($(ARD_C_OBJ) $(ARD_CXX_OBJ))
ARD_LD_FLAG = -l$(ARD_LIB)

# Workaround for http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=34734
$(ARD_AR)(Tone.o) : CXX_FLAGS += -w

# Sketch libraries.
LIB_C_SRC = $(foreach ld,$(LIB_DIRS),$(wildcard $(ld)/*.c))
LIB_CXX_SRC = $(foreach ld,$(LIB_DIRS),$(wildcard $(ld)/*.cpp))
LIB_SRC = $(LIB_C_SRC) $(LIB_CXX_SRC)
ifneq "$(strip $(LIB_C_SRC) $(LIB_CXX_SRC))" ""
    LIB_C_OBJ = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(notdir $(LIB_C_SRC)))
    LIB_CXX_OBJ = $(patsubst %.cpp,%.o,$(notdir $(LIB_CXX_SRC)))
    LIB_LIB = library
    LIB_AR = $(BUILD_DIR)/lib$(LIB_LIB).a
    LIB_AR_OBJ = $(LIB_AR)($(LIB_C_OBJ) $(LIB_CXX_OBJ))
    LIB_LD_FLAG = -l$(LIB_LIB)
endif

# Sketch PDE source.
SKT_PDE_SRC = $(wildcard *.pde *.ino)
ifneq "$(strip $(SKT_PDE_SRC))" ""
    SKT_PDE_OBJ = $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SKETCH)_pde.o
endif

# C and C++ source.
SKT_C_SRC = $(wildcard *.c)
SKT_CXX_SRC = $(wildcard *.cpp)
ifneq "$(strip $(SKT_C_SRC) $(SKT_CXX_SRC))" ""
    SKT_C_OBJ = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SKT_C_SRC))
    SKT_CXX_OBJ = $(patsubst %.cpp,%.o,$(SKT_CXX_SRC))
    SKT_LIB = sketch
    SKT_AR = $(BUILD_DIR)/lib$(SKT_LIB).a
    SKT_AR_OBJ = $(SKT_AR)/($(SKT_C_OBJ) $(SKT_CXX_OBJ))
    SKT_LD_FLAG = -l$(SKT_LIB)
endif

# Definitions.
define run-cc
    @ $(CC) $(ARD_FLAGS) $(INC_FLAGS) -M -MT '$@($%)' -MF $@_$*.dep $<
    $(CC) -c $(C_FLAGS) $(OPT_FLAGS) $(ARD_FLAGS) $(INC_FLAGS) \
        $< -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$%
    @ $(AR) rc $@ $(BUILD_DIR)/$%
    @ $(RM) $(BUILD_DIR)/$%
    @ $(CXXFILT) < $(BUILD_DIR)/$*.lst > $(BUILD_DIR)/$*.lst.tmp
    @ $(MV) $(BUILD_DIR)/$*.lst.tmp $(BUILD_DIR)/$*.lst
endef

define run-cxx
    @ $(CXX) $(ARD_FLAGS) $(INC_FLAGS) -M -MT '$@($%)' -MF $@_$*.dep $<
    $(CXX) -c $(CXX_FLAGS) $(OPT_FLAGS) $(ARD_FLAGS) $(INC_FLAGS) \
        $< -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$%
    @ $(AR) rc $@ $(BUILD_DIR)/$%
    @ $(RM) $(BUILD_DIR)/$%
    @ $(CXXFILT) < $(BUILD_DIR)/$*.lst > $(BUILD_DIR)/$*.lst.tmp
    @ $(MV) $(BUILD_DIR)/$*.lst.tmp $(BUILD_DIR)/$*.lst
endef

# Rules.
.PHONY : all clean upload monitor upload_monitor

all : $(BUILD_DIR) $(IMAGE).hex

clean :
    $(RM) $(BUILD_DIR)

$(BUILD_DIR) :
    $(MKDIR) $@

$(SKT_PDE_OBJ) : $(SKT_PDE_SRC)
    if [ $(ARD_REV) -ge 100 ]; then \
    echo '#include "Arduino.h"' > $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SKETCH)_pde.cpp; \
    else \
    echo '#include "WProgram.h"' > $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SKETCH)_pde.cpp; \
    fi
    echo '#include "$(SKT_PDE_SRC)"' >> $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SKETCH)_pde.cpp
    $(LN) $(SKT_PDE_SRC) $(BUILD_DIR)/$(SKT_PDE_SRC)
    cd $(BUILD_DIR) && $(CXX) -c $(subst build/,,$(CXX_FLAGS)) \
        $(OPT_FLAGS) $(ARD_FLAGS) -I.. \
        $(patsubst -I..%,-I../..%,$(INC_FLAGS)) \
        $(SKETCH)_pde.cpp -o $(@F)

(%.o) : $(ARD_SRC_DIR)/%.c
    $(run-cc)

(%.o) : $(ARD_SRC_DIR)/%.cpp
    $(run-cxx)

(%.o) : %.c
    $(run-cc)

(%.o) : %.cpp
    $(run-cxx)

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.d : %.c
    $(run-cc-d)

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.d : %.cpp
    $(run-cxx-d)

$(IMAGE).hex : $(ARD_AR_OBJ) $(LIB_AR_OBJ) $(SKT_AR_OBJ) $(SKT_PDE_OBJ)
    $(CC) $(CXX_FLAGS) $(OPT_FLAGS) $(ARD_FLAGS) -L$(BUILD_DIR) \
        $(SKT_PDE_OBJ) $(SKT_LD_FLAG) $(LIB_LD_FLAG) $(ARD_LD_FLAG) -lm \
        -o $(IMAGE).elf
    $(OBJCOPY) -O ihex -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom=alloc,load \
        --no-change-warnings --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 $(IMAGE).elf \
        $(IMAGE).eep
    $(OBJCOPY) -O ihex -R .eeprom $(IMAGE).elf $(IMAGE).hex
    $(OBJDUMP) -h -S $(IMAGE).elf | $(CXXFILT) -t > $(IMAGE).lst
    $(SIZE) $(IMAGE).hex

upload : all
    - pkill -f '$(MON_CMD).*$(PORT)'
    - sleep 1
    - stty -F $(PORT) hupcl
    - $(AVRDUDE) -V -C$(AVRDUDE_CONF) -p$(MCU) -c$(PROGRAMMER) -P$(PORT) \
        -b$(UPLOAD_SPEED) -D -Uflash:w:$(IMAGE).hex:i

monitor :
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH= LD_PRELOAD= \
        $(MON_TERM) -title '$(BOARD) $(PORT)' \
        -e '$(MON_CMD) -b $(MON_SPEED) $(PORT)' &

upload_monitor : upload monitor

-include $(wildcard $(BUILD_DIR)/*.dep))
# vim:ft=make

---

使用示例:

给定一个目录树，如下所示:

Base_Dir
├── Library
│   ├── Base
│   │   ├── general STM8 sources and headers 
│   ├── STM8S_Discovery
│   │   └── board specific sources and headers
│   └── User
│       └── optional user library sources and headers
├── Projects
│   ├── Examples (to be filled)
│   │   └── Basic_Project
│   │       ├── config.h
│   │       ├── example.ino
│   │       └── Makefile           --> should detect dependencies in ./*.c and ./*.h
...

你可以放置 Makefile.master在 Projects 内，然后假设:

• 您只需要 Library/Base 中的内容和 Library/User对于这个项目
• 您需要在项目中使用 LiquidCrystal Arduino 库

然后您将添加以下 Makefile进入Basic Project :

# Your Arduino environment.
BASE_DIR = /path/to/Base_Dir              # to edit
ARD_HOME = /usr/share/arduino             # to edit, maybe
ARD_BIN = $(ARD_HOME)/hardware/tools/avr/bin

# Monitor Baudrate
MON_SPEED = 4800

# Board settings.
BOARD = uno
PORT = /dev/ttyACM0
PROGRAMMER = stk500v2

# Where to find header files and libraries.
INC_DIRS =
MY_LIB_DIRS= $(BASE_DIR)/Library/Base $(BASE_DIR)/Library/User 
LIBS= LiquidCrystal
LIB_DIRS = $(addprefix $(ARD_HOME)/libraries/, $(LIBS)) $(MY_LIB_DIRS)

include ../../Makefile.master

请注意 common.h应该会被自动检测到，因为它位于 . , 并且不需要将后者添加到 INC_DIRS .

---

最后说明:上次我测试此配置时使用的版本是 1.0.5的 Arduino 源代码，它运行完美。