c - 关于在 C 中使用 LAME 的问题

Question

我正在尝试使用 Lame 编写一个 pcm 到 mp3 的转换程序。虽然 pcm 数据确实被转换为 mp3 文件，但输出非常吱吱作响。在我发布问题之前，以下是我的代码:

/*
Sample program to generate a single sinusoid and encode it in mp3.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <include/lame/lame.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

  unsigned int sampleRate = 16000;  /*assumed.*/
  unsigned int nSecondsAudio = 4;
  float *arr;
  lame_global_flags *gfp;
  unsigned char mp3buffer[2304]; /*some odd buffer sizes hard-coded.*/
  int pcm_samples_1d[2*1152];
  int pcm_samples_2d[2][1152];
  int read = 0, write = 0;
  int return_code = 1;
  int mp3buf_size;
  FILE *mp3;
  FILE *pcm;
  int framesize = 0;
  int i = 0, j = 0, num_samples_encoded = 0;

  /*Step 1. Generate sinusoid.*/
  /*arr = (float *) malloc(sizeof(float) * nSecondsAudio * sampleRate);
  arr = generateSinusoid(sampleRate, nSecondsAudio);*/

  /*Step 2. See if encoder exists.*/
  char *s = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char)*200);
  s = get_lame_version();
  printf("Lame version = %s\n", s);


  /* Init lame flags.*/
  gfp = lame_init();
  if(!gfp) {
    printf("Unable to initialize gfp object.");
  } else {
    printf("Able to initialize gfp object.\n");
  }

  /* set other parameters.*/
  lame_set_num_channels(gfp, 1);
  /*lame_set_num_samples(gfp, (nSecondsAudio * sampleRate));*/
  lame_set_in_samplerate(gfp, sampleRate);
  lame_set_quality(gfp, 5);  /* set for high speed and good quality. */
  lame_set_mode(gfp, 3);  /* the input audio is mono */

  lame_set_out_samplerate(gfp, sampleRate);
  printf("Able to set a number of parameters too.");
  framesize = lame_get_framesize(gfp);
  printf("Framesize = %d\n", framesize);
  assert(framesize <= 1152);

  /* set more internal variables. check for failure.*/
  if(lame_init_params(gfp) == -1) {
    printf("Something failed in setting internal parameters.");
  }

  /* encode the pcm array as mp3.*
   * Read the file. Encode whatever is read.
   * As soon as end of file is reached, flush the buffers.
   * Write everything to a file.
   * Write headers too.
  */

  /* Open PCM file for reading from.*/
  pcm = fopen("out.pcm", "rb");   /*hard-coded to the only available pcm file.*/
  if(!pcm) {
    printf("Cannot open pcm file for reading.");
    return 1;
  }

  mp3 = fopen("out.mp3", "wb+");
  if(!mp3) {
    printf("Cannot open file for writing.");
    return 1;
 }

  do {
   read = fread(pcm_samples_1d, sizeof(short), 2304, pcm); /*reads framesize shorts from pcm file.*/
   printf("Read %d shorts from file.\n", read);

   /* check for number of samples read. if 0, start flushing, else encode.*/
   if(read > 0) {
     /* got data in 1D array. convert it to 2D */
     /* snippet below taken from lame source code. needs better understanding. pcm_samples_2d[0] = contents of buffer. pcm_samples_2d[1] = 0 since number of channels is always one.*/
     memset(pcm_samples_2d[1], 0, 1152 * sizeof(int));  /*set all other samples with 0.*/
     memset(pcm_samples_2d[0], 0, 1152 * sizeof(int));
     i = 0, j = 0;
     for(i = 0; i < 1152; i++) {
       pcm_samples_2d[0][i] = pcm_samples_1d[i];
     }

     /* encode samples. */
     num_samples_encoded = lame_encode_buffer_int(gfp, pcm_samples_2d[0], pcm_samples_2d[1], read, mp3buffer, sizeof(mp3buffer));

     printf("number of samples encoded = %d\n", num_samples_encoded);

     /* check for value returned.*/
     if(num_samples_encoded > 1) {
       printf("It seems the conversion was successful.\n");
     } else if(num_samples_encoded == -1) {
       printf("mp3buf was too small");
       return 1;
     } else if(num_samples_encoded == -2) {
       printf("There was a malloc problem.");
       return 1;
     } else if(num_samples_encoded == -3) {
       printf("lame_init_params() not called.");
       return 1;
     } else if(num_samples_encoded == -4) {
       printf("Psycho acoustic problems.");
       return 1;
     } else {
       printf("The conversion was not successful.");
       return 1;
     }

     printf("Contents of mp3buffer = \n");
     for(i = 0; i < 2304; i++) {
       printf("mp3buffer[%d] = %d\n", i, mp3buffer[i]);
     }


     write = (int) fwrite(mp3buffer, sizeof(char), num_samples_encoded, mp3);
     if(write != num_samples_encoded) {
       printf("There seems to have been an error writing to mp3 within the loop.\n");
       return 1;
     } else {
       printf("Writing of %d samples a success.\n", write);
     }
   }
 } while(read > 0);

 /* in case where the number of samples read is 0, or negative, start flushing.*/
 read = lame_encode_flush(gfp, mp3buffer, sizeof(mp3buffer)); /*this may yield one more mp3 buffer.*/
 if(read < 0) {
   if(read == -1) {
     printf("mp3buffer is probably not big enough.\n");
   } else {
     printf("MP3 internal error.\n");
   }
   return 1;
 } else {
   printf("Flushing stage yielded %d frames.\n", read);
 }

 write = (int) fwrite(mp3buffer, 1, read, mp3);
 if(write != read) {
   printf("There seems to have been an error writing to mp3.\n");
   return 1;
 }

  /*samples have been written. write ID3 tag.*/
  read = lame_get_id3v1_tag(gfp, mp3buffer, sizeof(mp3buffer));
  if(sizeof(read) > sizeof(mp3buffer)) {
    printf("Buffer too small to write ID3v1 tag.\n");
  } else {
    if(read > 0) {
      write = (int) fwrite(mp3buffer, 1, read, mp3);
      if(read != write) {
        printf("more errors in writing id tag to mp3 file.\n");
      }
    }
  }

  lame_close(gfp);
  fclose(pcm);
  fclose(mp3);

  return 0;
}

我的问题:
1. 我的输入 pcm 数据以 16kHz、单声道采样并以 16 位编码。假设只有一个 channel ，lame_encode_buffer_int 的输入是什么左右 channel ？
2. 我不确定我是否理解从一维数组到二维数组的“转换”过程(代码中的 pcm_samples_1d 到 pcm_samples_2d)以及 this question 中给出的。
3. 为什么我的声音会吱吱作响？在代码中，使用的库是使用 --enable-debug 标志从源代码编译的。然而，我无法使用 gdb 进入函数。我还应该做什么？

到目前为止我尝试过的:
1. 阅读 LAME 项目的文档(或网络上可用的文档)。
2. 通读 SO 和其他论坛上发布的问题。
3. 浏览源码:lame.h, frontend/main.c frontend/get_audio.c`等

欢迎就此提供任何帮助。

Answer 1

这个:

char *s = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char)*200);
s = get_lame_version();

是错误的，它会泄漏内存。删除 malloc() 调用，您无论如何都不会使用分配的内存，因为您用 get_lame_version() 返回的任何内容覆盖了指针。

此外，don't cast the return value of malloc() in C ，并避免使用 sizeof (char)，因为它始终为 1。如果您想“锁定”指针类型的分配，请使用:

s = malloc(200 * sizeof *s);

要更具体地说明您的代码，一维/二维数组简直太可怕了，如果不了解 LAME API，就不可能知道该代码是否正确，而我没有。它可能与单声道/立体声有关，因为它似乎就是这样做的。

不确定 MP3 是否适合静音 channel ，这可能是出于某种原因(产生点击)的非法输入数据。