python - 使用Python在Linux上的许多文件中查找并替换字符串

Question

我正在尝试查找所有名为 logback.xml 的文件(在 Linux 系统上)并在其中替换一个字符串。这工作得很好(使用下面的脚本)，但是，当它正在工作的目录中有超过 1 个文件时(即同时具有 logback.xml 和 asdkjashdkja.xml 的目录，它会给出错误，而在只有 logback.xml 的目录中则不会)。下面是Python代码:

def replace_loglevel(file_to_edit, source_text, replace_text):
    """ Open file and replace the source_text with the replace_text strings """
    open_file = open(file_to_edit, 'r')
    text_from_original = open_file.read()
    open_file.close()

    file_to_write = open(file_to_edit, 'w')
    file_to_write.write(text_from_original.replace(source_text, replace_text))
    print "Replacing string %s with string %s in file %s" % (source_text, replace_text, file_to_edit)

def backup_and_edit_files(dir_path, backup_dir):
    """ Backup the file and replace the source_text with replace_text """
    for item in os.listdir(dir_path): # Iterate over each dir in the dir_path
        path = os.path.join(dir_path, item) # Create full path to file
        if path not in processed_files:
            if os.path.isfile(path) and item == file_to_edit: # Match filename to be the same as in file_to_edit
                print "Matched file %s " % (file_to_edit)
                print "Backing up the current file - %s - before editing" % (item)
                backup_file(path, backup_dir)
                print "Replacing loglevel from %s to %s " % (source_text, replace_text)
                replace_loglevel(path, source_text, replace_text)
                processed_files.append(path)
                print "Processed - %s" % path
            else:
                backup_and_edit_files(path, backup_dir)

当同一目录中有更多文件时出现的错误是:

OSError: [Errno 20] Not a directory: 'path/to/file/fgfd.xml'

当我从目录中删除此 fgfd.xml 时，脚本运行良好，并找到 logback.xml 并替换其中的条目。

有什么想法吗？

提前致谢。

Answer 1

处理目录时脚本的结构是:

if os.path.isfile(path) and item == file_to_edit: # Match filename to be the same as in file_to_edit
    ... process logback.xml
else:
    backup_and_edit_files(path, backup_dir)

因此，如果目录包含另一个文件，您将对其调用backup_and_edit，并且它将中断，因为该函数将立即调用os.listdir(path)。

您可以使用以下结构轻松修复该问题:

if os.path.isfile(path) and item == file_to_edit: # Match filename to be the same as in file_to_edit
    ... process logback.xml
elif os.path.isdir(path): # only descend into directories
    backup_and_edit_files(path, backup_dir)