在终端中工作但不在 cronjob 中工作的 Python 代码

Question

我编写了一段代码，它会在执行时通知我。我想每半小时运行一次这段代码，因此创建了一个 cronjob。但是当通过 cronjob 执行时代码不起作用。

这是我的代码:

import sys
import pynotify

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if not pynotify.init("icon-summary-body"):
        sys.exit(1)
    n = pynotify.Notification("Subject","Message","notification-message-im")
    n.show() #throws error here

定时任务:

* * * * * cd /home/username/Documents && /usr/bin/python file.py >> /home/username/Desktop/mylog.log 2>&1

定时任务日志:

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0/gtk/__init__.py:57: GtkWarning: could not open display
  warnings.warn(str(e), _gtk.Warning)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "file.py", line 8, in <module>
    n.show()
gio.Error: Cannot autolaunch D-Bus without X11 $DISPLAY

可能是什么原因？

我也尝试过使用 notify2，但没有成功。在正常执行中工作，但不是通过 cronjob

这是 notify2 代码:

import notify2
notify2.init('app name')
n = notify2.Notification("Summary","Some body text","notification-message-im")
n.show()

notify2 脚本的 Cronjob 日志:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "file.py", line 3, in <module>
    notify2.init('app name')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/notify2.py", line 93, in init
    bus = dbus.SessionBus(mainloop=mainloop)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/_dbus.py", line 211, in __new__
    mainloop=mainloop)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/_dbus.py", line 100, in __new__
    bus = BusConnection.__new__(subclass, bus_type, mainloop=mainloop)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 122, in __new__
    bus = cls._new_for_bus(address_or_type, mainloop=mainloop)
dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NotSupported: Unable to autolaunch a dbus-daemon without a $DISPLAY for X11

如何通过 cronjob 运行此代码？

编辑

使用以下代码:-

import sys
import pynotify
import os

os.environ.setdefault('XAUTHORITY', '/home/user/.Xauthority')
os.environ.setdefault('DISPLAY', ':0.0')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if not pynotify.init("icon-summary-body"):
        sys.exit(1)
    n = pynotify.Notification("Subject","Message","notification-message-im")
    n.show() #throws error here

我现在得到:-

/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0/gtk/__init__.py:57: GtkWarning: could not open display
  warnings.warn(str(e), _gtk.Warning)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "file.py", line 12, in <module>
    n.show() #throws error here
gio.Error: Could not connect: Connection refused

Answer 1

您是否尝试在您的 cronjob 中调用显示？

定时任务:

* * * * * DISPLAY=:0.0 python /home/username/Documents/file.py

在您的 python 代码中，您还可以尝试在开头调用 Display:

import os
# environnement vars
os.environ.setdefault('XAUTHORITY', '/home/user/.Xauthority')
os.environ.setdefault('DISPLAY', ':0.0')

此外，pynotify 不能在 root 中运行。所以你应该在没有“sudo”的情况下编写你的 crontab

crontab -e