python - 当列表索引不能超出范围时，为什么会出现 IndexError : list index out of range.？

Question

我一直在构建一个骰子游戏，当我到达为每个 Tkinter 标签分配图像以便显示骰子的部分时，我开始收到此错误:

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python27\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1486, in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "C:/Users/Logan/Desktop/Dice/dicelab2.py", line 56, in rollDice
    self.dice[i].roll()
  File "C:/Users/Logan/Desktop/Dice/dicelab2.py", line 35, in roll
    self.display.config(image=Photolist[self.value-1])
IndexError: list index out of range

现在列表中有 6 个条目，我从自己调用它。值(value)。 Self.value 应该是 1 到 6 之间的随机整数。在我调用它之前，我减去 1 以便它应该在 Photolist 的索引内。还有什么可能导致此错误？这是我的代码:

import Tkinter
import random
Photolist=[]

class Die:

    def __init__(self,frame):        
        self.value = random.randint(1,6)
        print self.value
        photo1=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="1.gif")
        photo2=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="2.gif")
        photo3=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="3.gif")
        photo4=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="4.gif")
        photo5=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="5.gif")
        photo6=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="6.gif")

        Photolist=[photo1,photo2,photo3,photo4,photo5,photo6]

        self.display = Tkinter.Label(frame,
          image=Photolist[self.value-1],
          font=('Courier New',30),
          relief='ridge',
          borderwidth=5,
          bg='white')
        self.display.pack(side='left')

    def roll(self):
        self.value = random.randint(1,6)
        print self.value
        self.display.config(image=Photolist[self.value-1])

class DiceRoller:
    def __init__(self):
        gameWin = Tkinter.Tk()
        gameWin.title('Dice Roller')
        diceFrame = Tkinter.Frame(gameWin)
        self.dice = [ ]
        for i in range(5):
            self.dice.append(Die(diceFrame))

        rollBtn = Tkinter.Button(gameWin,
          text='Roll Again',
          command=self.rollDice,
          font=('Courier New',30)) 
        diceFrame.pack()
        rollBtn.pack(side='bottom')
        gameWin.mainloop()

    def rollDice(self):
        for i in range(5):
            self.dice[i].roll()


dice = DiceRoller()
dice

Answer 1

import Tkinter
import random
# PhotoList = [] you are accessing this

class Die(object):
    def __init__(self,frame):
        self.value = random.randint(1,6)
        print self.value
        photo1=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="1.gif")
        photo2=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="2.gif")
        photo3=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="3.gif")
        photo4=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="4.gif")
        photo5=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="5.gif")
        photo6=Tkinter.PhotoImage(file="6.gif")
        # make it an attribute 
        self.Photolist=[photo1,photo2,photo3,photo4,photo5,photo6] 

        self.display = Tkinter.Label(frame,
          image=self.Photolist[self.value-1],
          font=('Courier New',30),
          relief='ridge',
          borderwidth=5,
          bg='white')
        self.display.pack(side='left')

    def roll(self):
        self.value = random.randint(1,6)
        print self.value
        self.display.config(image=self.Photolist[self.value-1])

在你的代码中你有 Photolist = [] 所以你试图访问那个空列表而不是你类中的那个，我将它更改为一个属性所以你现在应该没有问题