c - 如何使用 Looping 或 Array 使代码更简单？

Question

我正在尝试使用 c 中的结构学习新算法，然后尝试进行一些测试。但是代码太长了，我想让它更简单。

struct employee{
  char ID[6];
  char name[20];
  char address[50];
  long salary;
  long T;
}casher1,casher2;

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
  int ch;
  printf("Choose : ");
  scanf("%d",&ch );
  if (ch == 1) {
    printf("Input Name : " );
    scanf("%s",casher1.name );
    printf("Input ID : " );
    scanf("%s",casher1.ID );
    printf("Input Salary : " );
    scanf("%d",&casher1.salary);
    printf("Input T : " );
    scanf("%d",&casher1.T );
    printf("\n");
    casher1.salary = casher1.salary + casher1.T;

    printf("ID : %s\n",casher1.ID );
    printf("Name : %s\n",casher1.name );
    printf("Salary : %d\n",casher1.salary );
  }
  else if(ch == 2) {
    printf("Input Name : " );
    scanf("%s",casher2.name );
    printf("Input ID : " );
    scanf("%s",casher2.ID );
    printf("Input Salary : " );
    scanf("%d",&casher2.salary);
    printf("Input T : " );
    scanf("%d",&casher2.T );
    printf("\n");
    casher2.salary = casher2.salary + casher2.T;

    printf("ID : %s\n",casher2.ID );
    printf("Name : %s\n",casher2.name );
    printf("Salary : %d\n",casher2.salary );
  }

  return 0;
}

我希望每个收银员都能得到这样的输出编号:12345名称:测试薪水:$2000

Answer 1

如果您还没有学习函数，您应该阅读一些关于函数的内容。我不知道你到底想做什么，因为你不再使用 chasher，所以现在的代码我不知道你是否需要存储它们(但我假设你确实想存储他们)。

在那种情况下，无需将收银员放入数组中，您可以创建一个接受收银员作为参数的函数，

#include <stdio.h>

struct employee{
  char ID[6];
  char name[20];
  char address[50];
  long salary;
  long T;
}casher1,casher2;

int casherFunction(struct employee *casher);

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
  int ch;
  printf("Choose : ");
  scanf("%d",&ch );
  if( 1 == ch ){
    casherFunction(&casher1);
  }else if( 2 == ch ){
    casherFunction(&casher2);
  }
  return 0;
}

int casherFunction(struct employee *casher){
   printf("Input Name : " );
    scanf("%s",casher->name );
    printf("Input ID : " );
    scanf("%s",casher->ID );
    printf("Input Salary : " );
    scanf("%ld",&casher->salary);
    printf("Input T : " );
    scanf("%ld",&casher->T );
    printf("\n");
    casher->salary = casher->salary + casher->T;

    printf("ID : %s\n",casher->ID );
    printf("Name : %s\n",casher->name );
    printf("Salary : %ld\n",casher->salary );
    return 0;
}

所以在这里你首先声明函数:

int casherFunction(struct employee *casher);

然后在 main 之后定义它:

int casherFunction(struct employee *casher){
       printf("Input Name : " );
        scanf("%s",casher->name );
        printf("Input ID : " );
        scanf("%s",casher->ID );
        printf("Input Salary : " );
        scanf("%ld",&casher->salary);
        printf("Input T : " );
        scanf("%ld",&casher->T );
        printf("\n");
        casher->salary = casher->salary + casher->T;

        printf("ID : %s\n",casher->ID );
        printf("Name : %s\n",casher->name );
        printf("Salary : %ld\n",casher->salary );
        return 0;
    }

return 0 是没有错误时的标准返回值。

另请注意，该函数需要一个指针 casherFunction(struct employee *casher) 这就是为什么在调用我们编写的函数时:casherFunction(&casher1) 和 &。

此外，结构指针中的元素位于 casher->ID 而不是 casher.ID 下。

同样，如果您希望将更改记录在出纳机中，这将非常有用。然后，例如，您可以创建一个函数来查看收银员(在这种情况下您不需要传递指针，只需传递一个结构的副本就足够了)。

代码将是:

#include <stdio.h>

struct employee{
  char ID[6];
  char name[20];
  char address[50];
  long salary;
  long T;
}casher1,casher2;

int casherFunction(struct employee *casher);
int casherShow(struct employee casher);

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
  int ch;
  printf("Choose : ");
  scanf("%d",&ch );
  if( 1 == ch ){
    casherFunction(&casher1);
  }else if( 2 == ch ){
    casherFunction(&casher2);
  }
    printf("%ld\n\n",casher1.salary);
    casherShow(casher1);

  return 0;
}

int casherFunction(struct employee *casher){
   printf("Input Name : " );
    scanf("%s",casher->name );
    printf("Input ID : " );
    scanf("%s",casher->ID );
    printf("Input Salary : " );
    scanf("%ld",&casher->salary);
    printf("Input T : " );
    scanf("%ld",&casher->T );
    printf("\n");
    casher->salary = casher->salary + casher->T;

    printf("ID : %s\n",casher->ID );
    printf("Name : %s\n",casher->name );
    printf("Salary : %ld\n",casher->salary );
    return 0;
}

int casherShow(struct employee casher){
    printf("Name: ");
    printf("%s\n",casher.name );
    printf("Input ID : " );
    printf("%s\n",casher.ID );
    printf("Salary : " );
    printf("%ld\n",casher.salary);
    return 0;   
}