python - 3D matplotlib : color depending on x axis position

Question

亲爱的 Stackoverflow 用户，

我正在使用 3D matplotlib 生成 3D 包络。到目前为止，我几乎成功地获得了我想要的东西，但是我想解决最后一个细节:我希望根据 x 轴值而不是根据 z 轴值对信封进行着色。我承认我在没有详细了解每一行的情况下复制了部分代码来获取图表，有几行对我来说仍然很神秘。我不理解的每一行都标有注释“这里是我不理解的行”，这样如果你们中的任何一个人怀疑我需要的修改是在我不理解的行中，他们就知道了，并且可能帮助解决问题。这是工作代码:

# ----- System libraries and plot parameters-----

import argparse
import re
import glob, os, sys
import subprocess
import math
import copy
import hashlib
import scipy
from scipy import optimize
import time 
from decimal import *
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.pylab  as pylab
import matplotlib.colors as colors
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib.ticker import MaxNLocator
from matplotlib import cm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from numpy.random import randn, shuffle
from scipy import linspace, meshgrid, arange, empty, concatenate, newaxis, shape
import numpy as np
import numpy
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import make_axes_locatable

params = {'legend.fontsize' :  70,
          'figure.figsize'  :  (80, 30),
          'axes.labelsize'  :  70,
          'axes.titlesize'  :  70,
          'xtick.labelsize' :  70,
          'ytick.labelsize' :  70}
pylab.rcParams.update(params)
FFMPEG_BIN = "C:\Users\User\Desktop\ffmpeg-20170125-2080bc3-win64-static\bin\ffmpeg.exe"

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='utility to print 3D sigma profiles', formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
parser.add_argument('--name', type=str, help='name of prf and pot files without the extension, example for tempjob1.prf: --name="tempjob1"', default=["all"])    
args = parser.parse_args()

#parse sigma profile
name    = args.name + ".prf"
with open(name) as f:
    sig_prof_set = f.read().splitlines()
sigma       = list()
profile     = list()
sigma_set   = list()
profile_set = list()
dieze       = 0
for l in sig_prof_set:
    if dieze < 2: #the first dummy compound should not be taken into account and once we reach the second compound, it is the first layer so we start the filling
        if "#" in l:
            dieze += 1 
        pass
    else:
        if "#" in l:
            if dieze > 1: #each time we reach a dieze, we store the sigma profile gathered into the sigma profile set and empty the list for the next
                sigma_set.append(sigma)
                profile_set.append(profile)
                sigma       = list()
                profile     = list()
            dieze += 1 #the first dummy compound should not be taken into account       
        else:
            splitted = l.split()
            sigma.append(splitted[0])
            profile.append(splitted[1])

#display 3D plot
fig = plt.figure()

#convert data to numpy arrays
sigma_set     = numpy.array(sigma_set)
profile_set   = numpy.array(profile_set)
potential_set = numpy.array(potential_set)

#shape data for graphs
layer             = numpy.array(range(len(sigma_set)))
layer_flatten     = list()
sigma_flatten     = list()
profile_flatten   = list()
potential_flatten = list()

#X is sigma, Y is layer number, Z is profile or potential
for i in layer:
    for j in range(len(sigma_set[0])):
        layer_flatten.append(layer[i])
        sigma_flatten.append(float(sigma_set[i][j]))
        profile_flatten.append(float(profile_set[i][j]))
        potential_flatten.append(float(potential_set[i][j]))

#assign graph data        
X  = numpy.array(sigma_flatten)
Y  = numpy.array(layer_flatten)
Z1 = numpy.array(profile_flatten)
Z2 = numpy.array(potential_flatten)

#actually make 3D plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') #Here line I don't understand

surf = ax.plot_trisurf(X, Y, Z1, cmap=cm.jet, linewidth=0)
fig.colorbar(surf)

#set title of graph and axes
title = ax.set_title("Z-dependent sigma-profile")
title.set_y(1.01)                          #Here line I don't understand
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(5)) #Here line I don't understand
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(6)) #Here line I don't understand
ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(5)) #Here line I don't understand
ax.set_xlabel('sigma (e/A^2)')
ax.set_ylabel('layer')
ax.set_zlabel('p(sigma)')
ax.xaxis.labelpad = 100
ax.yaxis.labelpad = 70
ax.zaxis.labelpad = 70

fig.tight_layout()                         #Here line I don't understand

#save the figure
fig.savefig('3D_sig_prf{}.png'.format(args.name))

这会生成下图:

如何使用相同的颜色，但将它们关联到 x 值而不是 z 值，因为它们似乎是自动的？

提前致谢! 🙂

最好的问候!

Answer 1

将 trisurf 绘图的颜色设置为其 Z 值以外的颜色是不可能的，因为不幸的是 plot_trisurf ignores the facecolors争论。

然而，使用普通的 surface_plot 可以为 facecolors 提供一组颜色。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np

X,Y = np.meshgrid(np.arange(10), np.arange(10))
Z = np.sin(X) + np.sin(Y)
x = X.flatten()
y = Y.flatten()
z = Z.flatten()

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(9,3.2))
plt.subplots_adjust(0,0.07,1,1,0,0)
ax = fig.add_subplot(121, projection='3d')
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122, projection='3d')
ax.set_title("trisurf with color acc. to z")
ax2.set_title("surface with color acc. to x")

ax.plot_trisurf(x,y,z ,  cmap="magma")

colors =plt.cm.magma( (X-X.min())/float((X-X.min()).max()) )
ax2.plot_surface(X,Y,Z ,facecolors=colors, linewidth=0, shade=False )

ax.set_xlabel("x")
ax2.set_xlabel("x")
plt.show()