python - 使用其索引对 Pandas Dataframe 列进行操作

Question

这应该比较容易。我有一个 Pandas 数据框(日期):

    A   B   C
1/8/2017    1/11/2017   1/20/2017   1/25/2017
1/9/2017    1/11/2017   1/20/2017   1/25/2017
1/10/2017   1/11/2017   1/20/2017   1/25/2017
1/11/2017   1/20/2017   1/25/2017   1/31/2017
1/12/2017   1/20/2017   1/25/2017   1/31/2017
1/13/2017   1/20/2017   1/25/2017   1/31/2017

我想了解 Dates.index 和 Dates 之间的区别。输出将是这样的:

    A   B   C
1/8/2017     3   12      17 
1/9/2017     2   11      16 
1/10/2017    1   10      15 
1/11/2017    9   14      20 
1/12/2017    8   13      19 
1/13/2017    7   12      18 

当然，我试过这个:

Dates - Dates.index

但是我收到了这个可爱的 TypeError:

TypeError: Could not operate DatetimeIndex...with block values ufunc subtract cannot use operands with types dtype('<M8[ns]') and dtype('O')

相反，我编写了一个逐列循环的循环，但这看起来很愚蠢。任何人都可以建议一个 pythonic 方法来做到这一点吗？

编辑

In [1]: import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import datetime
dates = pd.date_range('20170108',periods=6)
df = pd.DataFrame(np.empty([len(dates),3]),index=dates,columns=list('ABC'))
df['A'].loc[0:3] = datetime.date(2017, 1, 11)
df['B'].loc[0:3] = datetime.date(2017, 1, 20)
df['C'].loc[0:3] = datetime.date(2017, 1, 25)
df['A'].loc[3:6] = datetime.date(2017, 1, 20)
df['B'].loc[3:6] = datetime.date(2017, 1, 25)
df['C'].loc[3:6] = datetime.date(2017, 1, 31)

In [2]: print(df)
                     A           B           C
2017-01-08  2017-01-11  2017-01-20  2017-01-25
2017-01-09  2017-01-11  2017-01-20  2017-01-25
2017-01-10  2017-01-11  2017-01-20  2017-01-25
2017-01-11  2017-01-20  2017-01-25  2017-01-31
2017-01-12  2017-01-20  2017-01-25  2017-01-31
2017-01-13  2017-01-20  2017-01-25  2017-01-31

In [3]: df = df.sub(df.index.to_series(),axis=0)

ValueError: operands could not be broadcast together with shapes (18,) (6,) 

Answer 1

您需要先转换所有列 to_datetime然后使用 sub :

#if dtypes of all columns are datetime, omit it
date_cols = list('ABC')
for col in df.columns:
    df[col] = pd.to_datetime(df[col])

df = df.sub(df.index.to_series(),axis=0)
print (df)
                A       B       C
2017-01-08 3 days 12 days 17 days
2017-01-09 2 days 11 days 16 days
2017-01-10 1 days 10 days 15 days
2017-01-11 9 days 14 days 20 days
2017-01-12 8 days 13 days 19 days
2017-01-13 7 days 12 days 18 days

你需要dtypes datetime64:

dates = pd.date_range('20170108',periods=6)
df = pd.DataFrame(index=dates)
df.loc[0:3, 'A'] = pd.Timestamp(2017, 1, 11)
df.loc[0:3, 'B'] = pd.Timestamp(2017, 1, 20)
df.loc[0:3, 'C'] = pd.Timestamp(2017, 1, 25)
df.loc[3:6, 'A'] = pd.Timestamp(2017, 1, 20)
df.loc[3:6, 'B'] = pd.Timestamp(2017, 1, 25)
df.loc[3:6, 'C'] = pd.Timestamp(2017, 1, 31)
print (df)
                    A          B          C
2017-01-08 2017-01-11 2017-01-20 2017-01-25
2017-01-09 2017-01-11 2017-01-20 2017-01-25
2017-01-10 2017-01-11 2017-01-20 2017-01-25
2017-01-11 2017-01-20 2017-01-25 2017-01-31
2017-01-12 2017-01-20 2017-01-25 2017-01-31
2017-01-13 2017-01-20 2017-01-25 2017-01-31

print (df.dtypes)
A    datetime64[ns]
B    datetime64[ns]
C    datetime64[ns]
dtype: object

df = df.sub(df.index.to_series(),axis=0)
print (df)
                A       B       C
2017-01-08 3 days 12 days 17 days
2017-01-09 2 days 11 days 16 days
2017-01-10 1 days 10 days 15 days
2017-01-11 9 days 14 days 20 days
2017-01-12 8 days 13 days 19 days
2017-01-13 7 days 12 days 18 days