c - 我如何与 cmocka 链接？

Question

我在 Ubuntu 下使用 Eclipse。

我刚刚安装了 cmocka:

Install the project...
-- Install configuration: "Debug"
-- Installing: /usr/lib/pkgconfig/cmocka.pc
-- Installing: /usr/lib/cmake/cmocka/cmocka-config.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/lib/cmake/cmocka/cmocka-config-version.cmake
-- Installing: /usr/include/cmocka.h
-- Installing: /usr/include/cmocka_pbc.h
-- Installing: /usr/lib/libcmocka.so.0.3.1
-- Installing: /usr/lib/libcmocka.so.0
-- Installing: /usr/lib/libcmocka.so

当我构建一个简单的测试项目时，出现链接器错误。从这段代码

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <cmocka.h>

#include "factorial.h"

static void test_factorial_zeo()
{
    assert_int_equal(factorial(0), 1);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const UnitTest tests[] =
    {
            unit_test(test_factorial_zeo),
    };

    return run_tests(tests);
}

我收到这些错误:

make all 
Building target: unit_test_C_code_example_project
Invoking: GCC C Linker
gcc  -o "unit_test_C_code_example_project"  ./test_scripts/test_factorial.o  ./software_under_test/factorial.o   
./test_scripts/test_factorial.o: In function `test_factorial_zeo':
/home/me/workspace/unit_test_C_code_example_project/Debug/../test_scripts/test_factorial.c:10: undefined reference to `_assert_int_equal'
./test_scripts/test_factorial.o: In function `main':
/home/me/workspace/unit_test_C_code_example_project/Debug/../test_scripts/test_factorial.c:20: undefined reference to `_run_tests'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [unit_test_C_code_example_project] Error 1

**** Build Finished ****

所以，看来我应该将 cmocka 库添加到链接器路径中。但后来我得到

make all 
Building target: unit_test_C_code_example_project
Invoking: GCC C Linker
gcc  -o "unit_test_C_code_example_project"  ./test_scripts/test_factorial.o  ./software_under_test/factorial.o   -llibcmocka.so.0.3.1
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -llibcmocka.so.0.3.1
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [unit_test_C_code_example_project] Error 1

**** Build Finished ****

我用 libcmocka.so.0.3.1、libcmocka.so.0 和 libcmocka.so 得到了相同的结果

显然，我在做一些非常基本的错误，但是什么？

ls -lAF /usr/lib/libcmocka.so*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    14 Oct 21 15:03 /usr/lib/libcmocka.so -> libcmocka.so.0*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    18 Oct 21 15:03 /usr/lib/libcmocka.so.0 -> libcmocka.so.0.3.1*
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77216 Oct 21 15:02 /usr/lib/libcmocka.so.0.3.1*

Answer 1

好的，我找到了答案 here并将引用它:

The -L option works like a search path for libraries, just like $PATH in the shell is a search path for executable files.

And just like the shell has a default search path, the linker also has a default library search path, with should include /usr/lib. So you should not even need to have to use a -L/usr/lib option. The reason why that did not work for you is that you use a full path with the -l option.

Normally with the -l option the "extension" is left out from the file name, as well the lib prefix, and the directory.

因此，在我的例子中，我告诉 Eclipse 与 cmocka 链接，这导致使用此命令生成 makefile

gcc -L/usr/lib -o "unit_test_C_code_example_project"  ./test_scripts/test_factorial.o  ./software_under_test/factorial.o   -lcmocka

链接成功

当然，我知道这个，但是忘记了。哦!