Python - Tkinter 如何在按下按钮后关闭窗口？

Question

所以有一个用户登录的第一个窗口。用户登录后，他们可以通过单击“继续”按钮开始游戏。此按钮的命令设置为应该使用 window.destroy() 函数关闭窗口的函数 con，但是每当我尝试单击它时，我总是收到一条错误消息，指出“窗口未定义”

import sqlite3
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter
from tkinter import messagebox

#SQL DATABASES~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def SQLQuestion():
    with sqlite3.connect("games.db") as db:
        cursor = db.cursor()

    cursor.execute("""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS game (
                questionID integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                question text,
                answer text
                )""")

def SQLUser():
    with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:
        cursor = db.cursor()

    cursor.execute("""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user (
                userID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
                username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
                password VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
                userscore INTEGER,
                usertime REAL
                )""")

#SQL USER LOG IN/CREATE/DELETE ACCOUNT~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def login(usernameLogin, passwordLogin):
    while True:
        username = usernameLogin.get()#Asks for username
        password = passwordLogin.get()#Asks for password
        with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:#Creates a connection to database
            c = db.cursor()
        find_user = ("SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ? AND password = ?")#Validates inputs for account
        c.execute(find_user,[(username),(password)])
        results = c.fetchall()#Fetches values from database

        if results:#Validates if the username/password is recognised
            for i in results:
                messagebox.showinfo("", "Welcome "+i[1]+"!")
                QuestionMenu()
            break

        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("", "Password and username is not recognised")
            break
        window.destroy()

def newUser(username1, password1):
    found = 0
    while found == 0:
        username = username1.get()
        with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:
            c = db.cursor()
        findUser = ("SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ?")
        c.execute(findUser, [(username)])#Checks existence of username in database

        if c.fetchall():
            messagebox.showinfo("Username", "Username taken please try again.")
            break
        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("", "Account has been created!")
            found = 1

    password = password1.get()
    insertData = '''INSERT INTO user(username, password)
    VALUES(?,?)'''#Inserts new account into databse
    c.execute(insertData, [(username),(password)])
    db.commit()

def newUserTkinter():
    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Create new account")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter a username:")
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
    username1 = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    usernameEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = username1)
    usernameEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter a password:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
    password1 = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    passwordEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = password1)
    passwordEntry.grid(row = 3, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text="Submit", command=lambda: newUser(username1, password1))
    btn.grid(row = 3, column = 1)

def removeUser(usernameD, passwordD):
    exists = 0
    while exists == 0:#Validates exsistence of account username
        username = usernameD.get()
        password = passwordD.get()
        with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:
            c = db.cursor()
        findUser = ("SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ?")
        c.execute(findUser, [(username)])

        if c.fetchall():
            messagebox.showinfo("Delete account", "Account deleted!")
            exists = 1
        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("", "Account does not exist")
            break

    remove_user = ("DELETE from user WHERE username = ? AND password = ?")
    c.execute(remove_user,[(username),(password)])        
    db.commit()

def removeUserTkinter():
    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Delete account")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter account username:")
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
    usernameD = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    usernameEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = usernameD)
    usernameEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter account password:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
    passwordD = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    passwordEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = passwordD)
    passwordEntry.grid(row = 3, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text="Submit", command=lambda: removeUser(usernameD, passwordD))
    btn.grid(row = 3, column = 1)

def menu():
    with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:
        c = db.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT * FROM user")
    print(c.fetchall())

    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Treasure Hunt Game!")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = """ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ USER MENU ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    """)#label displays instruction
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0)#places label in a grid

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Create account", command = newUserTkinter)
    btn.grid(row = 1, column = 0)#places button in a grid

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Delete account", command = removeUserTkinter)
    btn.grid(row = 2, column = 0)#places button in a grid

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Login to your account:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 3, column = 0)

    usernameLogin = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    usernameEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = usernameLogin)
    usernameEntry.grid(row = 5, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Username")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 4, column = 0)

    passwordLogin = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    passwordEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = passwordLogin)
    passwordEntry.grid(row = 7, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Password")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 6, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text="Log in", command=lambda: login(usernameLogin, passwordLogin))
    btn.grid(row = 7, column = 1)

#SQL QUESTION ADD/REMOVE/GET~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def insert_question(emp):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("INSERT INTO game VALUES (?, ?, ?)", (emp))
    conn.commit()

def get_question():
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT * FROM game")
    return c.fetchall()

def get_number_total_question(): #Get the total number of question
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM game")
    return c.fetchone()[0]

def get_single_question(question_number): #Get a question from the database
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT question FROM game WHERE questionID="+str(question_number))
    return c.fetchone()[0]

def get_answer(question_number): #Get the answer from the database
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT answer FROM game WHERE questionID="+str(question_number))
    return c.fetchone()[0]

def remove_question(emp):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("DELETE from game WHERE question = ?", [emp])
    conn.commit()

#Tkinter~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def showInstructions():
    messagebox.showinfo("Instructions", """You are a treasure hunter, your goal is to collect atleast 100
gold by the end of the game from treasure chests randomly scattered across the grid.There are 10 chests within a grid and
each treasure chest is worth 10 gold but can only be reclaimed 3 times before it is replaced by a bandit.
Landing on a bandit will cause you to lose all of your
gold and if all the chests have been replaced by bandits and you have less then 100 gold this means you lose!

Press enter to continue...""")#messagebox used for more simple functions (showing messages)

def showLeaderboard():
    messagebox.showinfo("Leaderboard", "shows leaderboard")

def con():
    messagebox.showinfo("Game", "Time to play!")
    window.destroy()

def showQuestions():
    emps = get_question()
    messagebox.showinfo("List of questions/answers", emps)

def AddQuestion(mathquestion, mathanswer):
    mathquestion1 = mathquestion.get()
    mathanswer1 = mathanswer.get()
    emp_1 = (None, mathquestion1, mathanswer1)
    insert_question(emp_1)
    messagebox.showinfo("Question inputed!")

    emps = get_question()
    print(emps)

def removeQuestion(DeleteQuestion):
    exists = 0
    while exists == 0:#Validates exsistence of question
        DeleteQuestion1 = DeleteQuestion.get()
        conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
        c = conn.cursor()
        findQuestion = ("SELECT * FROM game WHERE question = ?")
        c.execute(findQuestion, [(DeleteQuestion1)])

        if c.fetchall():
            messagebox.showinfo("Delete qustion","Question deleted!")
            exists = 1
        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("","Question does not exist")
            break

    remove_question(DeleteQuestion1)

def removeQuestionTk():
    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Remove a question.")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter question to remove:")
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0) 
    DeleteQuestion = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    questionEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = DeleteQuestion)
    questionEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text="Submit", command=lambda: removeQuestion(DeleteQuestion))
    btn.grid(row = 1, column = 1)

def QuestionMenu():
    with sqlite3.connect("games.db") as db:
        c = db.cursor()

    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Treasure Hunt Game!")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = """ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GAME MENU ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    """)#label displays instruction
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0)#places label in a grid

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "View instructions", command = showInstructions)
    btn.grid(row = 1, column = 0)#places button in a grid

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "View leaderboard", command = showLeaderboard)
    btn.grid(row = 2, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "View all questions", command = showQuestions)
    btn.grid(row = 3, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Continue", command = con)
    btn.grid(row = 4, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter a math question:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 5, column = 0)
    mathquestion = tkinter.StringVar()#value type is classified as a string
    userEntryQ = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = mathquestion)
    userEntryQ.grid(row = 6, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter the answer to this question:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 7, column = 0)
    mathanswer = tkinter.StringVar()
    userEntryQ = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = mathanswer)
    userEntryQ.grid(row = 8, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Submit", command=lambda: AddQuestion(mathquestion, mathanswer))
    btn.grid(row = 8, column = 1)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Remove a question", command = removeQuestionTk)
    btn.grid(row = 9, column = 0)#places button in a grid

SQLUser()
SQLQuestion()
menu()

Answer 1

这将与登录按钮一起使用,,,, 我发送了带有登录功能的窗口

这里我给函数添加了窗口

def login(usernameLogin, passwordLogin,btn):

.在“btn.destroy()”中我关闭了窗口

if results:#Validates if the username/password is recognised
            for i in results:
                messagebox.showinfo("", "Welcome "+i[1]+"!")
                btn.destroy()
                QuestionMenu()

.在这里，我将窗口发送给函数。

btn = ttk.Button(window, text="Log in", command=lambda: login(usernameLogin, passwordLogin,window))

.

import sqlite3
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter
from tkinter import messagebox

#SQL DATABASES~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def SQLQuestion():
    with sqlite3.connect("games.db") as db:
        cursor = db.cursor()

    cursor.execute("""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS game (
                questionID integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
                question text,
                answer text
                )""")

def SQLUser():
    with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:
        cursor = db.cursor()

    cursor.execute("""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user (
                userID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
                username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
                password VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
                userscore INTEGER,
                usertime REAL
                )""")

#SQL USER LOG IN/CREATE/DELETE ACCOUNT~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def login(usernameLogin, passwordLogin,btn):
    while True:
        username = usernameLogin.get()#Asks for username
        password = passwordLogin.get()#Asks for password
        with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:#Creates a connection to database
            c = db.cursor()
        find_user = ("SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ? AND password = ?")#Validates inputs for account
        c.execute(find_user,[(username),(password)])
        results = c.fetchall()#Fetches values from database

        if results:#Validates if the username/password is recognised
            for i in results:
                messagebox.showinfo("", "Welcome "+i[1]+"!")
                btn.destroy()
                QuestionMenu()
            break

        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("", "Password and username is not recognised")
            break
        window.destroy()

def newUser(username1, password1):
    found = 0
    while found == 0:
        username = username1.get()
        with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:
            c = db.cursor()
        findUser = ("SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ?")
        c.execute(findUser, [(username)])#Checks existence of username in database

        if c.fetchall():
            messagebox.showinfo("Username", "Username taken please try again.")
            break
        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("", "Account has been created!")
            found = 1

    password = password1.get()
    insertData = '''INSERT INTO user(username, password)
    VALUES(?,?)'''#Inserts new account into databse
    c.execute(insertData, [(username),(password)])
    db.commit()

def newUserTkinter():
    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Create new account")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter a username:")
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
    username1 = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    usernameEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = username1)
    usernameEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter a password:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
    password1 = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    passwordEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = password1)
    passwordEntry.grid(row = 3, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text="Submit", command=lambda: newUser(username1, password1))
    btn.grid(row = 3, column = 1)

def removeUser(usernameD, passwordD):
    exists = 0
    while exists == 0:#Validates exsistence of account username
        username = usernameD.get()
        password = passwordD.get()
        with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:
            c = db.cursor()
        findUser = ("SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ?")
        c.execute(findUser, [(username)])

        if c.fetchall():
            messagebox.showinfo("Delete account", "Account deleted!")
            exists = 1
        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("", "Account does not exist")
            break

    remove_user = ("DELETE from user WHERE username = ? AND password = ?")
    c.execute(remove_user,[(username),(password)])        
    db.commit()

def removeUserTkinter():
    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Delete account")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter account username:")
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0)
    usernameD = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    usernameEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = usernameD)
    usernameEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter account password:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 2, column = 0)
    passwordD = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    passwordEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = passwordD)
    passwordEntry.grid(row = 3, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text="Submit", command=lambda: removeUser(usernameD, passwordD))
    btn.grid(row = 3, column = 1)

def menu():
    with sqlite3.connect("User.db") as db:
        c = db.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT * FROM user")
    print(c.fetchall())

    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Treasure Hunt Game!")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = """ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ USER MENU ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    """)#label displays instruction
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0)#places label in a grid

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Create account", command = newUserTkinter)
    btn.grid(row = 1, column = 0)#places button in a grid

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Delete account", command = removeUserTkinter)
    btn.grid(row = 2, column = 0)#places button in a grid

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Login to your account:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 3, column = 0)

    usernameLogin = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    usernameEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = usernameLogin)
    usernameEntry.grid(row = 5, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Username")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 4, column = 0)

    passwordLogin = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    passwordEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = passwordLogin)
    passwordEntry.grid(row = 7, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Password")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 6, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text="Log in", command=lambda: login(usernameLogin, passwordLogin,window))
    btn.grid(row = 7, column = 1)

#SQL QUESTION ADD/REMOVE/GET~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def insert_question(emp):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("INSERT INTO game VALUES (?, ?, ?)", (emp))
    conn.commit()

def get_question():
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT * FROM game")
    return c.fetchall()

def get_number_total_question(): #Get the total number of question
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM game")
    return c.fetchone()[0]

def get_single_question(question_number): #Get a question from the database
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT question FROM game WHERE questionID="+str(question_number))
    return c.fetchone()[0]

def get_answer(question_number): #Get the answer from the database
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("SELECT answer FROM game WHERE questionID="+str(question_number))
    return c.fetchone()[0]

def remove_question(emp):
    conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute("DELETE from game WHERE question = ?", [emp])
    conn.commit()

#Tkinter~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
def showInstructions():
    messagebox.showinfo("Instructions", """You are a treasure hunter, your goal is to collect atleast 100
gold by the end of the game from treasure chests randomly scattered across the grid.There are 10 chests within a grid and
each treasure chest is worth 10 gold but can only be reclaimed 3 times before it is replaced by a bandit.
Landing on a bandit will cause you to lose all of your
gold and if all the chests have been replaced by bandits and you have less then 100 gold this means you lose!

Press enter to continue...""")#messagebox used for more simple functions (showing messages)

def showLeaderboard():
    messagebox.showinfo("Leaderboard", "shows leaderboard")

def con():
    messagebox.showinfo("Game", "Time to play!")
    window.destroy()

def showQuestions():
    emps = get_question()
    messagebox.showinfo("List of questions/answers", emps)

def AddQuestion(mathquestion, mathanswer):
    mathquestion1 = mathquestion.get()
    mathanswer1 = mathanswer.get()
    emp_1 = (None, mathquestion1, mathanswer1)
    insert_question(emp_1)
    messagebox.showinfo("Question inputed!")

    emps = get_question()
    print(emps)

def removeQuestion(DeleteQuestion):
    exists = 0
    while exists == 0:#Validates exsistence of question
        DeleteQuestion1 = DeleteQuestion.get()
        conn = sqlite3.connect('games.db')
        c = conn.cursor()
        findQuestion = ("SELECT * FROM game WHERE question = ?")
        c.execute(findQuestion, [(DeleteQuestion1)])

        if c.fetchall():
            messagebox.showinfo("Delete qustion","Question deleted!")
            exists = 1
        else:
            messagebox.showinfo("","Question does not exist")
            break

    remove_question(DeleteQuestion1)

def removeQuestionTk():
    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Remove a question.")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter question to remove:")
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0) 
    DeleteQuestion = tkinter.StringVar(window)#value type is classified as a string
    questionEntry = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = DeleteQuestion)
    questionEntry.grid(row = 1, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text="Submit", command=lambda: removeQuestion(DeleteQuestion))
    btn.grid(row = 1, column = 1)

def QuestionMenu():
    with sqlite3.connect("games.db") as db:
        c = db.cursor()

    window = tkinter.Tk()
    window.title("Treasure Hunt Game!")

    labelOne = ttk.Label(window, text = """ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GAME MENU ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    """)#label displays instruction
    labelOne.grid(row = 0, column = 0)#places label in a grid

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "View instructions", command = showInstructions)
    btn.grid(row = 1, column = 0)#places button in a grid

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "View leaderboard", command = showLeaderboard)
    btn.grid(row = 2, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "View all questions", command = showQuestions)
    btn.grid(row = 3, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Continue", command = con)
    btn.grid(row = 4, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter a math question:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 5, column = 0)
    mathquestion = tkinter.StringVar()#value type is classified as a string
    userEntryQ = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = mathquestion)
    userEntryQ.grid(row = 6, column = 0)

    labelTwo = ttk.Label(window, text = "Enter the answer to this question:")
    labelTwo.grid(row = 7, column = 0)
    mathanswer = tkinter.StringVar()
    userEntryQ = ttk.Entry(window, width = 30, textvariable = mathanswer)
    userEntryQ.grid(row = 8, column = 0)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Submit", command=lambda: AddQuestion(mathquestion, mathanswer))
    btn.grid(row = 8, column = 1)

    btn = ttk.Button(window, text = "Remove a question", command = removeQuestionTk)
    btn.grid(row = 9, column = 0)#places button in a grid

SQLUser()
SQLQuestion()
menu()