python - 在第一个地精之后，第二个不是随机生成的

Question

我的代码无法随机化地精生成点，基本上它所做的是随机生成一个地精而不是随机生成一个以上的地精，即使我已经设置了一个 while 循环应该访问更多然后一次。 (请注意，我是一个非常新的程序员，如果我问的问题应该很明显，我很抱歉)。对不起，我真的不知道如何正确地放置我的代码，所以缩进都乱七八糟。

这是代码

import pygame

import random

pygame.init()

win = pygame.display.set_mode((500,480))

pygame.display.set_caption("First Game")

walkRight = [pygame.image.load('R1.png'), pygame.image.load('R2.png'), pygame.image.load('R3.png'), 
pygame.image.load('R4.png'), pygame.image.load('R5.png'), pygame.image.load('R6.png'), 
pygame.image.load('R7.png'), pygame.image.load('R8.png'), pygame.image.load('R9.png')]
walkLeft = [pygame.image.load('L1.png'), pygame.image.load('L2.png'), pygame.image.load('L3.png'), 
pygame.image.load('L4.png'), pygame.image.load('L5.png'), pygame.image.load('L6.png'), 
pygame.image.load('L7.png'), pygame.image.load('L8.png'), pygame.image.load('L9.png')]
bg = pygame.image.load('bg.jpg')
char = pygame.image.load('standing.png')

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

bulletSound = pygame.mixer.Sound('bullet.wav')
hitSound = pygame.mixer.Sound('hit.wav')
stage = 1
printStage = True
music = pygame.mixer.music.load('music.mp3')
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
goblinAlive = True
score = 0



class player(object):
def __init__(self,x,y,width,height):
    self.x = x
    self.y = y
    self.width = width
    self.height = height
    self.vel = 5
    self.isJump = False
    self.left = False
    self.right = False
    self.walkCount = 0
    self.jumpCount = 10
    self.standing = True
    self.hitbox = (self.x + 17, self.y + 11, 29, 52)

def draw(self, win):
    if self.walkCount + 1 >= 27:
        self.walkCount = 0

    if not(self.standing):
        if self.left:
            win.blit(walkLeft[self.walkCount//3], (self.x,self.y))
            self.walkCount += 1
        elif self.right:
            win.blit(walkRight[self.walkCount//3], (self.x,self.y))
            self.walkCount +=1
    else:
        if self.right:
            win.blit(walkRight[0], (self.x, self.y))
        else:
            win.blit(walkLeft[0], (self.x, self.y))
    self.hitbox = (self.x + 17, self.y + 11, 29, 52)
    #pygame.draw.rect(win, (255,0,0), self.hitbox,2)

def hit(self):
    self.x = 60
    self.y = 410
    self.walkCount = 0
    font1 = pygame.font.SysFont('comicsans', 100)
    text = font1.render('-5', 1, (255,0,0))
    win.blit(text, (250 - (text.get_width()/2),200))
    pygame.display.update()
    i = 0
    while i < 200:
        pygame.time.delay(10)
        i += 1
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                i = 201
                pygame.quit()



class projectile(object):
    def __init__(self,x,y,radius,color,facing):
    self.x = x
    self.y = y
    self.radius = radius
    self.color = color
    self.facing = facing
    self.vel = 8 * facing

def draw(self,win):
    pygame.draw.circle(win, self.color, (self.x,self.y), self.radius)


 class enemy(object):
    walkRight = [pygame.image.load('R1E.png'), pygame.image.load('R2E.png'), 
pygame.image.load('R3E.png'), pygame.image.load('R4E.png'), pygame.image.load('R5E.png'), 
pygame.image.load('R6E.png'), pygame.image.load('R7E.png'), pygame.image.load('R8E.png'), 
pygame.image.load('R9E.png'), pygame.image.load('R10E.png'), pygame.image.load('R11E.png')]
    walkLeft = [pygame.image.load('L1E.png'), pygame.image.load('L2E.png'), 
pygame.image.load('L3E.png'), pygame.image.load('L4E.png'), pygame.image.load('L5E.png'), 
pygame.image.load('L6E.png'), pygame.image.load('L7E.png'), pygame.image.load('L8E.png'), 
pygame.image.load('L9E.png'), pygame.image.load('L10E.png'), pygame.image.load('L11E.png')]

def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, end):
    self.x = x
    self.y = y
    self.width = width
    self.height = height
    self.end = end
    self.path = [self.x, self.end]
    self.walkCount = 0
    self.vel = 3
    self.hitbox = (self.x + 17, self.y + 2, 31, 57)
    self.health = 10
    self.visible = True

def draw(self,win):
    self.move()
    if self.visible:
        if self.walkCount + 1 >= 33:
            self.walkCount = 0

        if self.vel > 0:
            win.blit(self.walkRight[self.walkCount //3], (self.x, self.y))
            self.walkCount += 1
        else:
            win.blit(self.walkLeft[self.walkCount //3], (self.x, self.y))
            self.walkCount += 1

        pygame.draw.rect(win, (255,0,0), (self.hitbox[0], self.hitbox[1] - 20, 50, 10))
        pygame.draw.rect(win, (0,128,0), (self.hitbox[0], self.hitbox[1] - 20, 50 - (5 * (10 - self.health)), 10))
        self.hitbox = (self.x + 17, self.y + 2, 31, 57)
        #pygame.draw.rect(win, (255,0,0), self.hitbox,2)

def move(self):
    if self.vel > 0:
        if self.x + self.vel < self.path[1]:
            self.x += self.vel
        else:
            self.vel = self.vel * -1
            self.walkCount = 0
    else:
        if self.x - self.vel > self.path[0]:
            self.x += self.vel
        else:
            self.vel = self.vel * -1
            self.walkCount = 0

def hit(self):
    if self.health > 0:
        self.health -= 1
    else:
        self.visible = False
    print('hit')



def redrawGameWindow():
    win.blit(bg, (0,0))
    text = font.render('You Are On Stage: ' + str(stage), 1, (0,0,0))
    win.blit(text, (10, 10))
    text = font.render('Score: ' + str(score), 1, (0,0,0))
    win.blit(text, (370, 10))
    man.draw(win)
    goblin.draw(win)
    for bullet in bullets:
        bullet.draw(win)

    pygame.display.update()






#mainloop
    font = pygame.font.SysFont('comicsans', 30, True)
  printStageFont = pygame.font.SysFont('comicsans', 20, True)
man = player(30, 410, 64,64)
goblin = enemy(random.randint(0, 200), 410, 64, 64, random.randint(201, 490))
shootLoop = 0
numOfGoblins = 1
bullets = []
run = True
while run:
clock.tick(27)
if man.y > 410:
    man.y = 410

while numOfGoblins < stage:
    goblin = enemy(random.randint(0, 200), 410, 64, 64, random.randint(201, 490))
    numOfGoblins += 1


if goblin.visible:
    if man.hitbox[1] < goblin.hitbox[1] + goblin.hitbox[3] and man.hitbox[1] + man.hitbox[3] > goblin.hitbox[1]:
        if man.hitbox[0] + man.hitbox[2] > goblin.hitbox[0] and man.hitbox[0] < goblin.hitbox[0] + goblin.hitbox[2]:
            man.hit()
            score -= 5
vel = 5
if shootLoop > 0:
    shootLoop += 1
if shootLoop > 15:
    shootLoop = 0

for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        run = False

for bullet in bullets:
    if goblin.visible == True:

        if bullet.y - bullet.radius < goblin.hitbox[1] + goblin.hitbox[3] and bullet.y + bullet.radius > goblin.hitbox[1]:
            if bullet.x + bullet.radius > goblin.hitbox[0] and bullet.x - bullet.radius < goblin.hitbox[0] + goblin.hitbox[2]:
                hitSound.play()
                goblin.hit()
                score += 1
                bullets.pop(bullets.index(bullet))

    if bullet.x < 500 and bullet.x > 0:
        bullet.x += bullet.vel
    else:
        bullets.pop(bullets.index(bullet))

keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

if keys[pygame.K_z] and shootLoop == 0:
    bulletSound.play()
    if man.left:
        facing = -1
    else:
        facing = 1

    if len(bullets) < 5:
        bullets.append(projectile(round(man.x + man.width //2), round(man.y + man.height//2), 6, (0,0,0), facing))

    shootLoop = 1

if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and man.x > man.vel:
    man.x -= man.vel
    man.left = True
    man.right = False
    man.standing = False
elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:

    if man.x == 500 and goblin.visible == False:
        man.x = 30
        stage += 1
        numOfGoblins = 0
    if man.x > 500 - man.width - man.vel and goblin.visible == True:
        vel = 0
    else:

        man.x += man.vel
        man.right = True
        man.left = False
        man.standing = False
else:
    man.standing = True
    man.walkCount = 0

if not(man.isJump):
    if keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:
        man.isJump = True
        man.right = False
        man.left = False
        man.walkCount = 0
else:
    if man.jumpCount >= -10:
        neg = 1
        if man.jumpCount < 0:
            neg = -1
        man.y -= (man.jumpCount ** 2) * 0.5 * neg
        man.jumpCount -= 1
    else:
        man.isJump = False
        man.jumpCount = 10

redrawGameWindow()

pygame.quit()

Answer 1

代码每次都将一个新的enemy 对象重新分配给goblin 变量，这会覆盖现有值。所以只有一个敌人:

while numOfGoblins < stage:
    goblin = enemy(random.randint(0, 200), 410, 64, 64, random.randint(201, 490))  # <-- HERE
    numOfGoblins += 1

也许使用敌人列表。 list - 其行为与其他编程语言中的 array 非常相似，是一组有序的项目。因此，普通变量仅存储一个对象或值，而列表可以存储多个。

例如，我们可以创建一个包含 3 个敌人的列表:

goblins = []  # a new list, which is empty
goblins.append( enemy( 100, 410, 64, 64, 200 ) )  # Add 1st goblin to list
goblins.append( enemy( 150, 410, 64, 64, 220 ) )  # Add 2nd goblin
goblins.append( enemy( 200, 410, 64, 64, 240 ) )  # Add 3rd goblin

要访问列表 goblins 中的项目，程序使用方括号表示法和项目编号，例如:goblins[1]。不过这里有一点很重要 - 列表中的第一项位于 [0]。通常我们认为第一个项目是项目 1，但在大多数编程语言中，这是编号 0。因此 goblins[0] 指的是列表中的第一个 敌人。

因此:

# Put the first goblin in the list onto the screen
goblins[0].draw( window )

但是要小心超过列表的末尾:

goblins[3].draw( window )  # <-- ERROR! so-far only elements [0], [1], [2] have been added.

使用列表真正有用的方面是能够编写简单的循环，对列表中的每个项目执行相同的操作:

# Paint 3 goblins
for i in range( 0, 3 ):
    goblins[i].draw( window )

# Paint every goblin in the list (no matter how many):
for i in range( len( goblins ) ):
    goblins[i].draw( window )

# Paint every goblin, looping without the numeric counter
# On each loop, the <gob> variable becomes equal to the next-item
for gob in goblins:
    gob.draw( window )

将所有敌人对象保存在一个列表中使得绘制和检查碰撞变得简单，因为代码可以循环遍历列表，对每个对象执行相同的操作。

当需要从列表中删除一个项目时(比如妖精退休了)，代码可以使用 Python del() 函数，或者可能是 pop().

所以将这个想法与您现有的代码合并:

goblins = []
while ( len( goblins ) < stage ):
    goblins.append( enemy(random.randint(0, 200), 410, 64, 64, random.randint(201, 490)) )

(也可以在一行代码中完成，但可读性较差)

然后在绘制 goblins 时，遍历列表，绘制每一个:

for gobbo in goblins:
    gobbo.draw( win )

显然，碰撞需要以几乎相同的方式处理——检查 goblins 列表中的每个 goblin。 PyGame sprite class已经有此类操作的代码。