c - 无效指针 : free()

Question

在第 4 行的 process_query_str 中，我调用 splitline 并返回一个包含 3 个元素的字符串数组，最后一个元素为 NULL。该数组是 malloced 的，因此是各个字符串。然后我尝试释放每个元素，然后释放数组本身(在第一个函数的末尾)。前两个字符串被释放，但当它释放第三个元素时，它是 NULL，我在底部收到关于无效指针的错误。显然它没有被设置为 NULL 而应该是。我尝试放置断点，但程序不会停止。

char * process_query_str(char *rq, char *cmd) {
    logg("In process_query_str.\n");
    int has_query = 0;
    char **tokenized_args = splitline(rq, &has_query); //Tokenize the string based on '?'
    char * query_str = rq;
    logg("has_query:");
    fprintf(stderr, "%d", has_query);
    if (has_query == 1) //Check for Query String
        if (query_str != NULL) {
            query_str = retrieve_query_str(tokenized_args);
            logg("Query String: ");
            logg(query_str);
            logg("\n");

            char* key = "REQUEST_METHOD"; //Process REQUEST_METHOD envir variable
            if (VLstore(key, cmd) == 0)
                if (VLexport(key) == 0) {
                    logg("Successfully exported ");
                    logg(cmd);
                    logg(": ");
                    logg(key);
                    logg("\n");

                    key = "QUERY_STRING"; //Process QUERY_STRING envir variable
                    if (VLstore(key, query_str) != 1) //1 signals a problem
                        if (VLexport(key) != 0) //0 signals a problem
                                {
                            logg("Successfully exported ");
                            logg(cmd);
                            logg(": ");
                            logg(key);
                            logg("\n");
                        }
                }
        }
#ifdef LOGGING //Print out environment variables
    VLlist();
#endif
    char *resource_str = newstr(tokenized_args[0], strlen(tokenized_args[0]));
    freelist(tokenized_args);
    logg("resource_str=");
    logg(resource_str);
    logg("\n");
    return resource_str;
}

char ** splitline(char *line, int*has_query)
/*
 * purpose: split a line into array of white-space separated tokens
 * returns: a NULL-terminated array of pointers to copies of the tokens
 *          or NULL if line if no tokens on the line
 *  action: traverse the array, locate strings, make copies
 *    note: strtok() could work, but we may want to add quotes later
 */
{
    //char *newstr();
    logg("In splitline\n");
    char **args;
    int spots = 0; /* spots in table    */
    int bufspace = 0; /* bytes in table */
    int argnum = 0; /* slots used       */
    char *cp = line; /* pos in string   */
    char *start;
    int len;

    if (line == NULL) /* handle special case    */
        return NULL;

    args = emalloc(BUFSIZ); /* initialize array */
    bufspace = BUFSIZ;
    spots = BUFSIZ / sizeof(char *);

    while (*cp != '\0') {
        logg("*cp=");
        fprintf(stderr, "%c", *cp);
        while (*cp == ' ') /* skip leading spaces   */
            cp++;
        if (*cp == '\0') /* quit at end-o-string    */
            break;
        /* make sure the array has room (+1 for NULL) */
        if (argnum + 1 >= spots) {
            args = erealloc(args, bufspace + BUFSIZ);
            bufspace += BUFSIZ;
            spots += (BUFSIZ / sizeof(char *));
        }

        /* mark start, then find end of word */
        start = cp;
        len = 1;
        if (*cp == '?') {
            logg("query reached.\n");
            *has_query = 1;
        }

        while (*++cp != '\0' && !(is_delim(*cp,*has_query)))
            len++;

        args[argnum++] = newstr(start, len);
    }
    logg("arg[0] =");
    logg(args[0]);
    logg("\n");
    if (argnum == 2) {
        logg("arg[1] =");
        logg(args[1]);
        logg("\n");
    }
    args[argnum] = NULL;
    fprintf(stderr, "last element is NULL.  argnum=%d", argnum);

    return args;
}

void freelist(char **list)
/*
 * purpose: free the list returned by splitline
 * returns: nothing
 *  action: free all strings in list and then free the list
 */
{
    char **cp = list;
    while (*cp && (*cp)) {
        logg("free: ");logg(*cp);logg("\n");
        free(*cp++);
    }
    logg("Now Free the list:");logg("\n");
    free(list);
    logg("Done Freeing List\n");
}

我从 glibc 得到的堆栈回溯信息是:

free: /index.cgifree: key=value*** glibc detected *** ./ws: free(): invalid pointer: 0x0804efa9 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6[0xb76d3d05]
/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6(cfree+0x90)[0xb76d7770]
./ws[0x804b36f]
./ws[0x804a1fb]
./ws[0x8049de1]
./ws[0x8049757]
./ws[0x8049660]
/lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe0)[0xb767e460]
./ws[0x8049031]
======= Memory map: ========
08048000-0804d000 r-xp 00000000 00:24 8084895    /nfs/home/j/c/jcalderon/unixlin                                                                                                                     ux/wsng/ws
0804d000-0804e000 rw-p 00004000 00:24 8084895    /nfs/home/j/c/jcalderon/unixlin                                                                                                                     ux/wsng/ws
0804e000-0806f000 rw-p 0804e000 00:00 0          [heap]
b7500000-b7521000 rw-p b7500000 00:00 0
b7521000-b7600000 ---p b7521000 00:00 0
b7644000-b764e000 r-xp 00000000 68:07 1122448    /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
b764e000-b764f000 rw-p 0000a000 68:07 1122448    /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
b765c000-b7665000 r-xp 00000000 68:07 1122335    /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnss_files                                                                                                                     -2.7.so
b7665000-b7667000 rw-p 00008000 68:07 1122335    /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnss_files                                                                                                                     -2.7.so
b7667000-b7668000 rw-p b7667000 00:00 0
b7668000-b77b2000 r-xp 00000000 68:07 1122611    /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.7.so
b77b2000-b77b3000 r--p 0014a000 68:07 1122611    /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.7.so
b77b3000-b77b5000 rw-p 0014b000 68:07 1122611    /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc-2.7.so
b77b5000-b77b8000 rw-p b77b5000 00:00 0
b77c2000-b77c7000 rw-p b77c2000 00:00 0
b77c7000-b77c8000 r-xp b77c7000 00:00 0          [vdso]
b77c8000-b77e2000 r-xp 00000000 68:07 1124008    /lib/ld-2.7.so
b77e2000-b77e4000 rw-p 00019000 68:07 1124008    /lib/ld-2.7.so
bfd9f000-bfdb4000 rw-p bffea000 00:00 0          [stack]

Answer 1

这不是您问题的答案，但它会帮助您减少代码量。您有以下片段:

logg("Successfully exported ");
logg(cmd);
logg(": ");
logg(key);
logg("\n");

如果你能这样写会更简单:

logg("Successfully exported %s: %s\n", cmd, key);

你可以通过修改这个函数来做到这一点:

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void logg(const char *format, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
    va_end(args);
}

您可以在 header 中声明它:

#ifdef __GNUC__
#define PRINTFLIKE(n,m) __attribute__((format(printf,n,m)))
#else
#define PRINTFLIKE(n,m) /* If only */
#endif /* __GNUC__ */

extern void logg(const char *format, ...) PRINTFLIKE(1, 2);

然后 GCC 将发现格式转换规范与传递给函数的参数的滥用。

请注意，此版本的 logg() 基本上与前一个版本调用兼容。唯一会出现差异的情况是，如果正在打印的字符串包含类似 %Z 的字符串，该字符串现在被视为转换规范，而以前不是。不过，您应该使用 logg("%s\n", argument); 或类似的方法。