C、用for循环初始化二维数组

Question

我在用值填充二维数组时遇到问题。大量示例都有一个静态数组，但是，我正在使用 for 循环来填充它。这是我希望我的代码执行的操作:

• 第二个参数是d，假设用户输入3，那么:
• 创建了一个 3x3 数组。
• 数组将存储从 8 到 0 的所有值。
• 它把这样的数组打印到终端:

8 7 6

5 4 3

2 1 0

• 如果用户传入 4，则会创建一个 4x4 数组
• 它会将此打印到控制台:

15 14 13 12

11 10 9 8

7 6 5 4

3 2 1 0

/**
 * fifteen.c
 *
 * Computer Science 50
 * Problem Set 3
 *
 * Implements the Game of Fifteen (generalized to d x d).
 *
 * Usage: ./fifteen d
 *
 * whereby the board's dimensions are to be d x d,
 * where d must be in [MIN,MAX]
 *
 * Note that usleep is obsolete, but it offers more granularity than
 * sleep and is simpler to use than nanosleep; `man usleep` for more.
 */

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500

#include <cs50.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

// board's minimal dimension
#define MIN 3

// board's maximal dimension
#define MAX 9

// board, whereby board[i][j] represents row i and column j
int board[MAX][MAX];

// board's dimension
int d;

// prototypes
void clear(void);
void greet(void);
void init(void);
void draw(void);
bool move(int tile);
bool won(void);
void save(void);

int main(int argc, string argv[])
{
    // greet player
    greet();

    // ensure proper usage
    if (argc != 2)
    {
        printf("Usage: ./fifteen [3-9]\n");
        return 1;
    }

    // ensure valid dimensions
    d = atoi(argv[1]);
    if (d < MIN || d > MAX)
    {
        printf("Board must be between %i x %i and %i x %i, inclusive.\n",
            MIN, MIN, MAX, MAX);
        return 2;
    }

    // initialize the board
    init();

    // accept moves until game is won
    while (true)
    {
        // clear the screen
        //clear();

        // draw the current state of the board
        draw();

        // saves the current state of the board (for testing)
        save();

        // check for win
        if (won())
        {
            printf("ftw!\n");
            break;
        }

        // prompt for move
        printf("Tile to move: ");
        int tile = GetInt();

        // move if possible, else report illegality
        if (!move(tile))
        {
            printf("\nIllegal move.\n");
            usleep(500000);
        }

        // sleep for animation's sake
        usleep(500000);
    }

    // that's all folks
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Clears screen using ANSI escape sequences.
 */
void clear(void)
{
    printf("\033[2J");
    printf("\033[%d;%dH", 0, 0);
}

/**
 * Greets player.
 */
void greet(void)
{
    clear();
    printf("GAME OF FIFTEEN\n");
    //usleep(2000000);
}

/**
 * Initializes the game's board with tiles numbered 1 through d*d - 1,
 * (i.e., fills board with values but does not actually print them),
 * whereby board[i][j] represents row i and column j.
 */
void init(void)
{
    // TODO
    // represent board in 2D integer array
    // int board [MAX][MAX]
    // int d
    // size of board. d <= MAX
    // board [i][j] represents the element at row i and col j
    // starts in descending order
    // if number of tiles is odd, swap 2 and 1

    /**
    take d and print board with dxd dimensions
    loop through x to go up to d-1 (i.e. 4x4 board = 16, values will be 15 to 1)
    */

    //initialize array
    int numbers[d][d];

    //print the array size
    printf("Array size:%d\n", d);

    //variable i, j
    int i;
    int j;

    // board's numbering
    int s = (d*2)-1;
    int countarray[d];
    int count;
    for (count = s; count > 0; count--)
    {
        countarray[count]=count;
    }
    printf("Start of board's numbering: %d\n", s);

    //assign values to array with loop

        for (i = 0; i < d; i++)
        {
                for ( j = 0; j < d; j++)
                {
                    numbers[i][j] = 0;
                    numbers[i][j] = countarray[count];
                    printf("numbers[%d][%d] = %d \n", i, j, numbers[i][j]);
                }
        }

     //print a number from the array
    printf("The 4th integer of the array is: %d\n", numbers[3][3]);
    printf("Value of d: %d\n", d);
    for (int x = 0; x < d; x++){
        for (int y = 0; y < d; y++){
            // print the array value [ x, y ]
            printf("%d", numbers[x][y]);
            printf(" ");
        }
        // print a new line here
        printf("\n");
    }
}

/**
 * Prints the board in its current state.
 */
void draw(void)
{
    // TODO
    // print current state of the board
    // print a blank space fore single digit #s
    // printf("%2d", board[i][j]);

    /**
    for each row
        for each value in row
            print value and space
        print new line
    */


}

/**
 * If tile borders empty space, moves tile and returns true, else
 * returns false. 
 */
bool move(int tile)
{
    // TODO
    return false;
}

/**
 * Returns true if game is won (i.e., board is in winning configuration), 
 * else false.
 */
bool won(void)
{
    // TODO
    return false;
}

/**
 * Saves the current state of the board to disk (for testing).
 */
void save(void)
{
    // log
    const string log = "log.txt";

    // delete existing log, if any, before first save
    static bool saved = false;
    if (!saved)
    {
        unlink(log);
        saved = true;
    }

    // open log
    FILE* p = fopen(log, "a");
    if (p == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }

    // log board
    fprintf(p, "{");
    for (int i = 0; i < d; i++)
    {
        fprintf(p, "{");
        for (int j = 0; j < d; j++)
        {
            fprintf(p, "%i", board[i][j]);
            if (j < d - 1)
            {
                fprintf(p, ",");
            }
        }
        fprintf(p, "}");
        if (i < d - 1)
        {
            fprintf(p, ",");
        }
    }
    fprintf(p, "}\n");

    // close log
    fclose(p);
}

参数为 3 时，它会正确地将 3x3 数组打印到终端。但是，数组中的所有 9 个值都是 134517847。如果有任何帮助，我将不胜感激，谢谢。

Answer 1

在内层循环中递增了错误的变量 x。应该是 y++ 而不是 x++。

 for (int x = 0; x < d; x++){
    for (int y = 0; y < d; x++){
                           ^^^

循环需要迭代计数 == 0。将条件从 > 更改为 >=。

    for (count = s; count >= 0; count--)
    {
        countarray[count]=count;
    }

s 被初始化为

  int s = (d*2)-1;

但这不应该是 d*d-1 吗？

  int s = (d*d)-1;

在初始化 numbers 数组的循环中，count 既没有初始化也没有递减。我猜你需要这样的东西:

count = s;
for (i = 0; i < d; i++)
{
        for ( j = 0; j < d; j++)
        {
            numbers[i][j] = countarray[count--];
            printf("numbers[%d][%d] = %d \n", i, j, numbers[i][j]);
        }
}