python - 如何让 selenium 和 chromium 在 ubuntu 上工作

Question

我正在尝试将 selenium 与 Chrome 结合使用来浏览使用 javascript 的网站。

我安装了:

• Chrome :

  sudo apt-get install chromium-browser
  

• 从 https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads 下载并解压 chrome 驱动程序

• Selenium

  pip install selenium
  

但是，我无法完成这项工作:

from selenium import webdriver

service_args = ['--verbose']
service_log_path = "{}/chromedriver.log".format('/projects/')

driver = webdriver.Chrome('/path/to/chromedriver', service_args=service_args, service_log_path=service_log_path)

我收到这个错误:

WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.13.307649 (bf55b442bb6b5c923249dd7870d6a107678bfbb6),platform=Linux 3.13.0-30-generic x86_64)

这是我的日志文件:什么是开发工具问题？

[0.973][INFO]: COMMAND InitSession {
   "desiredCapabilities": {
      "browserName": "chrome",
      "chromeOptions": {
         "args": [  ],
         "extensions": [  ]
      },
      "javascriptEnabled": true,
      "platform": "ANY",
      "version": ""
   }
}
[0.980][INFO]: Populating Preferences file: {
   "alternate_error_pages": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "autofill": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "browser": {
      "check_default_browser": false
   },
   "distribution": {
      "import_bookmarks": false,
      "import_history": false,
      "import_search_engine": false,
      "make_chrome_default_for_user": false,
      "show_welcome_page": false,
      "skip_first_run_ui": true
   },
   "dns_prefetching": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "profile": {
      "content_settings": {
         "pattern_pairs": {
            "https://*,*": {
               "media-stream": {
                  "audio": "Default",
                  "video": "Default"
               }
            }
         }
      },
      "default_content_settings": {
         "geolocation": 1,
         "mouselock": 1,
         "notifications": 1,
         "popups": 1,
         "ppapi-broker": 1
      },
      "password_manager_enabled": false
   },
   "safebrowsing": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "search": {
      "suggest_enabled": false
   },
   "translate": {
      "enabled": false
   }
}
[0.982][INFO]: Populating Local State file: {
   "background_mode": {
      "enabled": false
   },
   "ssl": {
      "rev_checking": {
         "enabled": false
      }
   }
}
[0.988][INFO]: Launching chrome: /usr/bin/chromium-browser --disable-background-networking --disable-client-side-phishing-detection --disable-component-update --disable-default-apps --disable-hang-monitor --disable-prompt-on-repost --disable-sync --disable-web-resources --enable-logging --ignore-certificate-errors --load-extension=/tmp/.com.google.Chrome.Wgxcag/internal --log-level=0 --metrics-recording-only --no-first-run --password-store=basic --remote-debugging-port=12948 --safebrowsing-disable-auto-update --safebrowsing-disable-download-protection --test-type=webdriver --use-mock-keychain --user-data-dir=/tmp/.com.google.Chrome.Fqyvg3 data:,
[0.991][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[0.999][WARNING]: PAC support disabled because there is no system implementation
[1.113][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.165][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.166][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.217][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.217][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.268][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.269][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.319][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.320][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.370][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.371][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.422][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.423][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.474][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.475][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.526][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.527][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.577][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.578][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1:1:0123/165812:ERROR:image_metadata_extractor.cc(111)] Couldn't load libexif.
[1.629][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.630][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[6845:6845:0123/165812:ERROR:browser_main_loop.cc(209)] Gtk: cannot open display: 
[1.680][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.681][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.731][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.735][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.786][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.787][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.837][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.838][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.889][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.891][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.942][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.944][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed
[1.995][DEBUG]: DevTools request: http://127.0.0.1:12948/json/version
[1.997][DEBUG]: DevTools request failed

Answer 1

您可以使用 Xvfb在pyvirtualdisplay的帮助下在虚拟显示器上运行您的 chrome 自动化，因为您没有真正的显示器:

from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
from selenium import webdriver

display = Display(visible=0, size=(800, 600))
display.start()

browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('http://www.google.com')
print browser.title
browser.quit()

display.stop()

另见:

• How do I run Selenium in Xvfb?
• Headless browser testing with download functionality?

---

除此之外，切换到 PhantomJS 也是一种选择:

from selenium import webdriver

browser = webdriver.PhantomJS()
browser.get('http://www.google.com')
print browser.title
browser.quit()