python - 将鼠标限制在 matplotlib 图中的 Canvas 区域

Question

我正在尝试编写自己的裁剪函数，以便我可以从较大的图像中选择一个区域，然后对其执行一些其他操作。我使用 matplotlib 导入和显示图像:self.img=plt.imread("someimage.png")

如果我留在 Canvas 区域，效果很好:

 def __onclick__(self, event):

    self.point=[]
    if event.xdata is not None:
        xholder=event.xdata
    else:
        xholder = 0
    if event.ydata is not None:
        yholder = event.ydata
    else:
        yholder = 0 
    self.point.append([int(xholder),int(yholder)])
def __onrelease__(self,event):
    if event.xdata is not None:
        xholder=event.xdata
    else:
        xholder = self.img.shape[0]
    if event.ydata is not None:
        yholder = event.ydata
    else:
        yholder = self.img.shape[1]
    self.point.append([int(xholder),int(yholder)])
    self.plotcanvas.axes.imshow(self.img[self.point[0][1]:self.point[1][1],self.point[0][0]:self.point[1][0]])
    self.plotcanvas.draw()

但是，一旦我走出 Canvas 边界，event.xdata 和 event.ydata 就会返回 (None,None)。一旦在 Canvas 区域中注册了鼠标单击，是否可以将鼠标移动限制在 Canvas 区域？

使用允许导入 .png 文件然后裁剪的代码进行编辑

import sys
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import NavigationToolbar2QTAgg as NavigationToolbar
import numpy as np


class Example(QtGui.QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super(Example, self).__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):           
        self.statusBar()
        self.form_widget=FormWidget(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.form_widget)
        openFile = QtGui.QAction('Open', self)
        openFile.setShortcut('Ctrl+O')
        openFile.setStatusTip('Open new File')
        openFile.triggered.connect(self.showDialog)
        toolbar = self.addToolBar('Exit')
        toolbar.addAction(openFile)
        self.show()

    def showDialog(self):

        fname = QtGui.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, 'Open file', 
                '/home')

        self.form_widget.redraw(fname)

class FormWidget(QtGui.QWidget):
    def __init__(self,parent):        
        super(FormWidget,self).__init__() 
        self.layout=QtGui.QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.mpcanvas=MyMplCanvas(self)
        self.plotcanvas=MyMplCanvas(self)
        self.layout.addWidget(self.plotcanvas)
        self.layout.addWidget(self.mpcanvas)
        self.setLayout(self.layout)
        self.cidpresscsv=self.mpcanvas.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.__onclick__)
        self.cidreleasecsv=self.mpcanvas.fig.canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', self.__onrelease__)
    def redraw(self,fname):
        self.mpcanvas.axes=self.mpcanvas.fig.add_subplot(111)
        self.img=plt.imread(fname)
        self.mpcanvas.axes.imshow(self.img)
        self.mpcanvas.draw()
    def __onclick__(self, event):
        self.point=[]
        if event.xdata is not None:
            xholder=event.xdata
        else:
            xholder = 0
        if event.ydata is not None:
            yholder = event.ydata
        else:
            yholder = 0
        self.point.append([int(xholder),int(yholder)])
    def __onrelease__(self,event):
        if event.xdata is not None:
            xholder=event.xdata
        else:
            xholder = self.img.shape[0]
        if event.ydata is not None:
            yholder = event.ydata
        else:
            yholder = self.img.shape[1]
        self.point.append([int(xholder),int(yholder)])
        self.plotcanvas.axes.imshow(self.img[self.point[0][1]:self.point[1][1],self.point[0][0]:self.point[1][0]])
        self.plotcanvas.draw()




class MyMplCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
        self.fig = plt.figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        self.axes = self.fig.add_subplot(111)
        self.fig.tight_layout()
        self.axes.hold(False)
        self.compute_initial_figure()
        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
        self.setParent(parent)
        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                                   QtGui.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                                   QtGui.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

    def compute_initial_figure(self):
        pass



def main():

    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

这是在删除了所有不必要的东西之后出现的结果，并且仍然制作了一个功能程序，让您可以导入一个 .png 文件，然后从中挖出一个区域。我确信 Ed Smith 提出的 Rectangle 选择器可能会起作用，但我在使示例代码起作用时遇到了问题，并且对值的存储位置以及 eclick 和 erelease 如何在上下文中与其他事件处理程序一起工作感到困惑。恐怕我一般不太精通 matplotlib 和 python。

Answer 1

框选择器matplotlib widget可能是最简单的方法。您可以将代码与您拥有的图像一起使用:

from matplotlib.widgets import  RectangleSelector
from pylab import *

def onselect(eclick, erelease):
  'eclick and erelease are matplotlib events at press and release'
  print ' startposition : (%f, %f)' % (eclick.xdata, eclick.ydata)
  print ' endposition   : (%f, %f)' % (erelease.xdata, erelease.ydata)
  print ' used button   : ', eclick.button

def toggle_selector(event):
    print ' Key pressed.'
    if event.key in ['Q', 'q'] and toggle_selector.RS.active:
        print ' RectangleSelector deactivated.'
        toggle_selector.RS.set_active(False)
    if event.key in ['A', 'a'] and not toggle_selector.RS.active:
        print ' RectangleSelector activated.'
        toggle_selector.RS.set_active(True)

fig = figure
ax = subplot(111)

A = np.random.random((30,30))
ax.imshow(A)
toggle_selector.RS = RectangleSelector(ax, onselect, drawtype='box')
connect('key_press_event', toggle_selector)
show()

虽然鼠标不限于框，但是当 minspanx 和 minspany 为 None 时的默认行为是限制返回的坐标到盒子。我不认为您可以轻松地将鼠标移动限制在 Canvas 上。