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c - 为什么当我尝试写入文件时会出现奇怪的字符?

转载 作者:太空宇宙 更新时间:2023-11-04 01:03:14 24 4
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在这个程序中,我试图编写一个文件来显示用户输入的未知数量的记录。每条记录都有以下字段:名字、姓氏、地址、城市、州、邮政编码和电话号码。我假设最好的方法是用上面的字段定义一个结构 Record,然后声明一个 Records 数组,其中包含与用户输入的记录一样多的记录。为了实现这一点,我将使用一个循环来获取每条记录的每个字段的输入,然后如果用户想继续动态地在 Record 数组中分配一个额外的空间并继续,直到用户输入 no。程序编译并创建了文件,但是写的字符很奇怪。是什么导致了这种情况?

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>

struct Record
{
char fname[51];
char lname[51];
char address[51];
char city[51];
char state[51];
int zipcode;
int phoneNumber;
};




int main()
{
FILE *fileWriter;
const char filename[] = "data.txt";
char answer = 'y';
int size = 1;
int i = 0;
struct Record *records = NULL;
struct Record *records_temp;




while(answer == 'y' || answer == 'Y')
{
struct Record *records_temp = realloc(records,(size)*sizeof(*records));

if(records_temp == NULL)
{
free(records);

}
records = records_temp;
printf("First Name: \n");
scanf("%s", records[i].fname);
printf("Last Name: \n");
scanf("%s", records[i].lname);

printf("Address: \n");
scanf(" %[^\n]", records[i].address);

printf("City: \n");
scanf("%s", records[i].city);

printf("State: \n");
scanf("%s", records[i].state);

printf("Zipcode: \n");
scanf("%d", &records[i].zipcode);

printf("Phone Number: \n");
scanf("%d", &records[i].phoneNumber);
//stores all record info

printf("Are there anymore records? [y/n] ");
answer = getchar();
if(answer == 'y' || answer == 'Y')
{
size++;
records[i++];
printf("\n");
}

//open file

fileWriter = fopen(filename,"wb");

if(fileWriter != NULL)
{
if(fwrite(records,sizeof(*records),size,fileWriter) != 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write to %s\n", filename);
exit(1);
}
fclose(fileWriter);
}
else
{
printf("Error opening file.");
}
}
}

编辑版本我修改了代码并修复了许多发生的错误,但现在我在 scanf( "%c", answer) 处遇到访问冲突

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>

struct Record
{
char fname[51];
char lname[51];
char address[51];
char city[51];
char state[51];
char zipcode[51];
char phoneNumber[51];
};




int main()
{
FILE *fileWriter;
const char filename[] = "data.txt";
char answer = 'y';
char a = 'n';
int size = 1;
int i = 0;
struct Record *records;
struct Record *records_temp = NULL;




while(answer == 'y' || answer == 'Y')
{
struct Record *records_temp = calloc((size),sizeof(*records));

records = records_temp;
printf("First Name: \n");
scanf("%s", records[size-1].fname);

printf("Last Name: \n");
scanf("%s", records[size-1].lname);

printf("Address: \n");
scanf(" %[^\n]", records[size-1].address);

printf("City: \n");
scanf("%s", records[size-1].city);

printf("State: \n");
scanf("%s", records[size-1].state);

printf("Zipcode: \n");
scanf("%s", records[size-1].zipcode);

printf("Phone Number: \n");
scanf("%s", records[size-1].phoneNumber);
//stores all record info

printf("Are there anymore records? [y/n] ");
scanf(" %c", answer);
if(answer == 'y' || answer == 'Y')
{
size++;
printf("\n");
}
}
//open file

fileWriter = fopen(filename,"wb");

if(fileWriter != NULL)
{
for(;i< size; i++)
{
fprintf(fileWriter,"%s\n",records[i].fname);
fprintf(fileWriter,"%s\n",records[i].lname);
fprintf(fileWriter,"%s\n",records[i].address);
fprintf(fileWriter,"%s\n",records[i].city);
fprintf(fileWriter,"%s\n",records[i].state);
fprintf(fileWriter,"%d\n",records[i].zipcode);
fprintf(fileWriter,"%d\n",records[i].phoneNumber);
}
fclose(fileWriter);
}
else
{
printf("Error opening file.");
}

}

最佳答案

如果分配内存,则不会清除此内存。

char *data = (char*)malloc(100);

这确实为 100 个字符分配了内存。但是内存可以包含随机数据。如果您从此地址写入,您最终可能会将随机数据写入文件。

清除内存以确保没有随机数据。

memset(data, 0, 100);

或者对于结构:

struct Demo {
int a;
int b;
};

Demo *demo = (Demo*)malloc(sizeof(Demo));
memset(demo, 0, sizeof(Demo));

您的代码已更正

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>


struct Record
{
char fname[51];
char lname[51];
char address[51];
char city[51];
char state[51];
int zipcode;
int phoneNumber;
};


int main()
{
char answer = 'y';
int size = 0;
Record *records = NULL;

do {
++size;
// resize records array.
if (records == NULL) {
records = (Record*)malloc(sizeof(Record)*size);
} else {
records = (Record*)realloc(records, sizeof(Record)*size);
}
// Get a pointer to the current record.
Record *currentRecord = &records[size-1];
// Clear the record
memset(currentRecord, 0, sizeof(Record));

// Ask for all data.
printf("First Name: \n");
scanf("%s", currentRecord->fname);
printf("Last Name: \n");
scanf("%s", currentRecord->lname);
printf("Address: \n");
scanf(" %[^\n]", currentRecord->address);
printf("City: \n");
scanf("%s", currentRecord->city);
printf("State: \n");
scanf("%s", currentRecord->state);
printf("Zipcode: \n");
scanf("%d", &(currentRecord->zipcode));
printf("Phone Number: \n");
scanf("%d", &(currentRecord->phoneNumber));

// Ask for more.
printf("Are there anymore records? [y/n] ");
answer = getchar();
printf("\n");
} while (answer == 'y'||answer == 'Y');

// Write all records
const char filename[] = "data.txt";
FILE *fileWriter = fopen(filename, "wb");
if (fileWriter != NULL) {
if (fwrite(records, sizeof(Record), size, fileWriter) != size) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write to %s\n", filename);
exit(1);
}
fclose(fileWriter);
} else {
printf("Error opening file.");
}
}

关于c - 为什么当我尝试写入文件时会出现奇怪的字符?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30477664/

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