c++ - 关于 gcc 3.3.4 内存核心转储的问题

Question

我在 Visual Studio 2010、2008 和 Codeblock 10.2 (gcc 4.x.x) 下测试了这个程序，它运行良好。但是，当我连接到我学校的编译器时，他们使用的是 gcc 3.3.4，它崩溃了，结果是 Memory fault (coredump)，我不知道为什么？我想知道是 gcc 3.3.4 的错误吗？或者出了什么问题？有什么想法吗？

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

const int MEM_SIZE = 65536;

/* Cache definition */
struct _tag_cache {
    int  tag;
    int *block;
};

typedef struct _tag_cache cache;

/* Function Prototype */
void    set_params( int* , int* , int* );
void    program();
void    display_options();
int     get_val_with_mess( const char* );
int    *init_main_mem_of( int );
cache  *init_cache_of( int );
void    free_cache( cache** , int );
void    write_cache( int* , cache* , int , int , int );
void    read_cache( int* , cache* , int , int , int );
void    show_content( int* , int );

/* Main Program */
int main() {
    program();
    printf( "\nGoodbye!\n" );
    return 0;
}

/* Function Implementations */
void set_params( int *main_mem_size, int *cache_size, int *block_size ) {
    *main_mem_size = get_val_with_mess( "Enter main memory size (words): " );
    *cache_size = get_val_with_mess( "Enter cache size (words): " );
    *block_size = get_val_with_mess( "Enter block size (words/block): " );
}

void program() {
    int     user_option = 0;
    int     main_mem_size = 65536;
    int     cache_size = 1024;
    int     block_size = 16;
    int     tags = main_mem_size / cache_size;
    int    *main_mem_ptr = NULL;
    cache  *cache_ptr = NULL;

    // initialize memory
    main_mem_ptr = init_main_mem_of( main_mem_size );
    cache_ptr = init_cache_of( cache_size );
    do {
        // display menu
        display_options();
        // get user input
        user_option = get_val_with_mess( "\nEnter selection: " );

        switch( user_option ) {
            case 1:
                // if user set new parameters, free old memory
                free_cache( &cache_ptr, tags );
                free( main_mem_ptr );

                // get new sizes
                set_params( &main_mem_size, &cache_size, &block_size );
                // calculate number of tags
                tags = main_mem_size / cache_size;

                // initialize new memory
                main_mem_ptr = init_main_mem_of( main_mem_size );
                cache_ptr = init_cache_of( cache_size );
                break;

            case 2:
                read_cache( main_mem_ptr, cache_ptr, main_mem_size, block_size, cache_size );
                break;

            case 3:
                write_cache( main_mem_ptr, cache_ptr, main_mem_size, block_size, cache_size );
                break;

            case 4:
                break;

            default:
                printf( "Invalid options. Try again!\n" );
                break;
        }
    }
    while( user_option != 4 );

    // free cache
    if( cache_ptr != NULL ) {
        free_cache( &cache_ptr, tags );
    }
    // free memory
    if( main_mem_ptr != NULL ) {
        //printf( "\nFreeing main memory.\n" );
        free( main_mem_ptr );
    }
}

void display_options() {
    printf( "\nMain memory to cache memory mapping: \n" );
    printf( "------------------------------------ \n" );
    printf( "1) Set parameters \n" );
    printf( "2) Read cache \n" );
    printf( "3) Write to cache \n" );
    printf( "4) Exit \n" );
}

int get_val_with_mess( const char *user_message ) {
    int var;
    printf( user_message );
    scanf( "%d", &var );
    return var;
}

int* init_main_mem_of( int size ) {
    int i = 0;
    int* p = ( int* )malloc( size * sizeof( int ) );
    for( ; i < size; ++i )
        *( p + i ) = size - i;
    return p;
}

cache* init_cache_of( int tags ) {
    int i = 0;
    // one cache has 64 blocks
    // one block has 16 words
    cache* p = ( cache* )malloc( tags * sizeof( cache ) );
    for( ; i < tags; ++i ) {
        p[i].tag = -1;
        p[i].block = NULL;
    }
    return p;
}

void free_cache( cache **p, int size ) {
    int i = 0;
    for( ; i < size; ++i ) {
        // if that block is not NULL, free it
        if( ( *p )[i].block != NULL ) {
            //printf( "\nFreeing block of tag %d.", i );
            free( ( *p )[i].block );
        }
    }
    // free cache
    //printf( "\nFreeing cache.\n" );
    free( *p );
}

void write_cache( int* main_mem_ptr, cache* cache_ptr, int mm_size, int block_size, int cache_size ) {
    int  addr = 0;
    int  value = 0;
    int  tag;
    int  block;
    int  word;
    int  i;
    int  base_offset;
    int already_missed = 0;

    addr = get_val_with_mess( "Enter main memory address to write to: " );
    value = get_val_with_mess( "Enter value to write: " );

    base_offset = ( addr / block_size ) * block_size;
    tag = addr / cache_size;
    word = addr % block_size;
    block = ( addr % cache_size ) / block_size;

    // assign new value
    main_mem_ptr[addr] = value;
    // if tag doesn't match
    if( cache_ptr[block].tag != tag ) {
        printf( "Write miss!\n" );
        already_missed = 1;
        cache_ptr[block].tag = tag;
    }
    // if cache block memory is NULL
    if( cache_ptr[block].block == NULL ) {
        if( already_missed == 0 )
            printf( "Write miss!\n" );
        // allocate block
        cache_ptr[block].block = ( int* )malloc( block_size * sizeof( int ) );
    }
    // transfer from main memory to cache
    for( i = 0; i < block_size; ++i ) {
        cache_ptr[block].block[i] = main_mem_ptr[base_offset + i];
    }

    printf( "Word %d of block %d with tag %d contains %d\n", word, block, tag, cache_ptr[block].block[word] );
}

void read_cache( int* main_mem_ptr, cache* cache_ptr, int mm_size, int block_size, int cache_size ) {
    int  addr = 0;
    int  value = 0;
    int  tag;
    int  block;
    int  word;
    int  i;
    int  base_offset;
    int  already_missed = 0;
    addr = get_val_with_mess( "Enter main memory address to read from: " );

    base_offset = ( addr / block_size ) * block_size;
    tag = addr / cache_size;
    word = addr % block_size;
    block = ( addr % cache_size ) / block_size;

    // if tag doesn't match
    if( cache_ptr[block].tag != tag ) {
        printf( "Read miss!\n" );
        already_missed = 1;
        cache_ptr[block].tag = tag;
    }
    if( cache_ptr[block].block == NULL ) {
        if( already_missed == 0 )
            printf( "Read miss!\n" );
        // allocate block
        cache_ptr[block].block = ( int* )malloc( block_size * sizeof( int ) );
    }
    // read from main memory
    for( i = 0; i < block_size; ++i ) {
        cache_ptr[block].block[i] = main_mem_ptr[base_offset + i];
    }
    printf( "Word %d of block %d with tag %d contains %d\n", word, block, tag, cache_ptr[block].block[word] );
}

void show_content( int* p, int size ) {
    int i = 0;
    for( ; i < size; ++i )
        printf( "%d, ", p[i] );
}

输入和输出示例

Main memory to Cache memory mapping:
--------------------------------------
1) Set parameters
2) Read cache
3) Write to cache
4) Exit
Enter selection: 1
Enter main memory size (words): 65536
Enter cache size (words): 1024
Enter block size (words/block): 16
Main memory to Cache memory mapping:
--------------------------------------
1) Set parameters
2) Read cache
3) Write to cache
4) Exit
Enter selection: 3
Enter main memory address to write to: 65535
Enter value to write: 14
Write miss!
Word 15 of block 63 with tag 63 contains value 14
Main memory to Cache memory mapping:
--------------------------------------
1) Set parameters
2) Read cache
3) Write to cache
4) Exit
Enter selection: 2
Enter main memory address to read from: 65535
Word 15 of block 63 with tag 63 contains value 14
Main memory to Cache memory mapping:
--------------------------------------
1) Set parameters
2) Read cache
3) Write to cache
4) Exit
Enter selection: 3
Enter main memory address to write to: 65534
Enter value to write: 512
Word 14 of block 63 with tag 63 contains value 512
Main memory to Cache memory mapping:
--------------------------------------
1) Set parameters
2) Read cache
3) Write to cache
4) Exit
Enter selection: 2
Enter main memory address to read from: 1023
Read miss!
Word 15 of block 63 with tag 0 contains value 64513
Main memory to Cache memory mapping:
--------------------------------------
1) Set parameters
2) Read cache
3) Write to cache
4) Exit
Enter selection: 4
%

Answer 1

我没有完整地完成该程序，但我发现的第一件事是，当您调用 malloc() 时，您不会检查是否成功。

例如

int* init_main_mem_of(int size) 
{
    int i = 0;
    int* p = (int *)malloc(size * sizeof(int));
    if (!p)
    {
        puts("Error: Out of memory\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    for( ; i < size; ++i)
        p[i] = size - i;
    return p;
}

问题可能是学校计算机内存不足，而不是编译器。检查程序并确保每次调用 malloc() 都成功。