c - C中如何显示某些变量的起始地址？

Question

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>

extern char **environ;

int global_x = 10;                  // initialised global variable
int global_y;                       // un-initialised global variable
char global_array1[] = "Hello, world!";     // initialised global array and a string literal
char global_array2[10];             // un-initialised global array
char *global_pointer1 = "bye!";         // global pointer to a string literal 
char *global_pointer2;              // un-initialised global pointer 
float global_float = 100.1;         // initialised global variable
double global_double;               // un-initialised global variable

#define ONEGB  1073741824
#define ONEMB  1048576
#define ONEKB  1024

char *addr(unsigned long a)
{
    unsigned long r; // remainder

    r = (unsigned long) a;
    int gb = (int) ( r / ONEGB );

    r -=  gb * ONEGB;
    int mb = (int) ( r  / ONEMB );

    r -=  mb * ONEMB;
    int kb = (int) ( r  / ONEKB );

    r -=  kb * ONEKB;
    int b  = (int) ( r );

    char *p = malloc(64);

    sprintf(p, "%4dGB, %4dMB, %4dKB, %4d", gb, mb, kb, b);
    return p;
}

int f2(int x)
{
    char * f2_p;
    int f2_x = 21;

    f2_p = malloc(1000);         // dynamically allocated memory

    // print out the address of x
    // print out the addresses of f2_p, and f2_x
    // print out the starting address of the dynamically allocated memory
    .....

    L: f2_x = 10;
    return f2_x;
}

void f1(int x1, int x2, float x3, char x4, double x5, int x6)
{
    int f1_x = 10;
    int f1_y;
    char *f1_p1 = "This is inside f1";   // pointer to another string literal 
    char *f1_p2;

    f1_p2 = malloc(100);         // dynamically allocated memory

    // print out the addresses of x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6
    // print out the addresses of f1_x, f1_y, f1_p1, f1_p2
    // print out the address of the string literal "This is inside f1"
    .....

    f1_y = f2(10);
    return;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

    // print out the addresses of argc, argv
    // print out the starting address and end address of the command line arguments of this process
    // print out the starting address and end address of the environment of this process
    // print out the starting addresses of function main, f1, and f2
    // print out the addresses of global_x, global_y, global_array1, global_array2, global_pointer1,
    //           global_pointer2, global_float, global_double
    // print out the addresses of string literals 10, "Hello, world!", "bye", 100.1

    ..... 

    // call function f1 with suitable arguments such as 12, -5, 33.7, 'A', 1.896e-10, 100 
    f1( .... );

    exit(0);
}

我试图在谷歌上搜索，但找不到有用的东西，在这种情况下，我只想弄清楚如何打印出动态分配内存的起始地址；打印出本进程命令行参数的起始地址和结束地址；打印出本进程环境的起始地址和结束地址；打印出函数main、f1、f2的起始地址。有人可以帮助我吗？...谢谢!

Answer 1

在 main 中:

打印出argc,argv的地址 - printf("%d, %d", &argc, argv);

打印出本进程命令行参数的起始地址和结束地址-printf("%d", (void *)argv);

打印出本进程环境的起始地址和结束地址——printf("%d", (void *)environ);

打印出函数main, f1, and f2的起始地址 - printf ("%d %d %d", &main, &f1, &f2);

打印出 global_x, global_y, global_array1, global_array2, global_pointer1, global_pointer2, global_float, global_double 的地址 - 只需在每个地址变量前使用 & 运算符你想打印。

打印出字符串文字的地址 10, "Hello, world!", "bye", 100.1 - 不允许打印字符串文字的地址。

在 f1 中:

打印出x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6的地址 - printf ("%d %d %d %d %d %d", &x1, &x2, &x3, &x4, &x5) ;

打印出f1_x, f1_y, f1_p1, f1_p2的地址 - printf ("%d %d %d %d", &f1_x, &f1_y, f1_p1, f2_p2);

打印出字符串文字的地址 "This is inside f1" - 不允许获取字符串文字的地址

在 f2 中:

打印出x的地址——printf("%d", &x);

打印出f2_p和f2_x的地址 - printf("%d", f2_p, &f2_x);

打印出动态分配内存的起始地址——printf("%d", f2_p);