python - 如何为视频播放器选择文件

Question

我是类和 PyQt5 的新手，正在尝试使用 PyQt5 和 Opencv 构建视频播放器。使用 OpenCV Video Capture with PyQt4 中的代码并进行更改以将 PyQt4 中的命令转换为 PyQt5 并添加一个暂停按钮，我现在有一个带有暂停、播放、结束和退出按钮的视频播放器。这是工作正常的代码:

import cv2
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton, 
QVBoxLayout, QFileDialog

fileName = 'C:/Users/Art/Downloads/testVideo.mp4'


class Capture():
    def __init__(self):
        self.capturing = False
        self.c = cv2.VideoCapture(fileName)

    def startCapture(self):
        self.capturing = True
        cap = self.c
        while(self.capturing):
            ret, frame = cap.read()
            cv2.imshow("Capture", frame)
            cv2.waitKey(5)
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()

    def endCapture(self):
        self.capturing = False

    def pauseCapture(self): 
        if cv2.waitKey(0) & 0xFF == ord('p'):  # Pause
            self.capturing = False

    def quitCapture(self):
        cap = self.c
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()
        cap.release()
        QtCore.QCoreApplication.quit()

class Window(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self):

    QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__(self)
    self.setWindowTitle('Control Panel')

    self.capture = Capture()
    self.start_button = QPushButton('Start', self)
    self.start_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.startCapture)

    self.end_button = QPushButton('End', self)
    self.end_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.endCapture)

    self.pause_button = QPushButton('Pause', self)
    self.pause_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.pauseCapture)

    self.quit_button = QPushButton('Quit', self)
    self.quit_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.quitCapture)

    vbox = QVBoxLayout(self)
    vbox.addWidget(self.start_button)
    vbox.addWidget(self.end_button)
    vbox.addWidget(self.pause_button)
    vbox.addWidget(self.quit_button)

    self.setLayout(vbox)
    self.setGeometry(100, 100, 200, 200)
    self.show()

    if __name__== '__main__':
        import sys
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        window = Window()
        sys.exit(app.exec())

到目前为止，我已经将视频文件名及其路径硬编码到代码 (fileName) 中。现在，我想添加一个加载按钮，让用户选择视频。像这样:

 self.load_button = QPushButton('Load', self)
 self.load_button.clicked.connect(self.pick_video)

 def pick_video():
     dialog = QtGui.QFileDialog()
     fileName = dialog.getExistingDirectory(None, 
      "Select Folder")
     return fileName

并将加载按钮添加到现有按钮列表中，如下所示:

vbox.addWidget(self.load_button)

我的问题是我不知道如何将其合并到现有代码中。如果我把它放在 Window 类中，它会抛出一个错误。我的问题是如何将类似的内容添加到我现有的代码中，以便用户可以在按下加载按钮后选择视频文件。

编辑:根据@ekhumoro 更改代码后，我得到了这样的东西:

import cv2
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton, 
QVBoxLayout, QFileDialog


class Capture():
    def __init__(self):
        self.capturing = False

    def startCapture(self, path):
        self.capturing = True
        self.c = cv2.VideoCapture(path)
        while self.capturing:
            ret, frame = self.c.read()
            cv2.imshow("Capture", frame)
            cv2.waitKey(5)
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()

    def endCapture(self):
        self.capturing = False

    def pauseCapture(self): 
        if cv2.waitKey(0) & 0xFF == ord('p'):  # Pause
            self.capturing = False

    def quitCapture(self):
        cap = self.c
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()
        cap.release()
        QtCore.QCoreApplication.quit()

class Window(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self):

        QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__(self)
        self.setWindowTitle('Control Panel')

        self.capture = Capture()
        self.start_button = QPushButton('Start', self)
        self.start_button.clicked.connect(self.start)

        self.end_button = QPushButton('End', self)
        self.end_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.endCapture)

        self.pause_button = QPushButton('Pause', self)
        self.pause_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.pauseCapture)

        self.quit_button = QPushButton('Quit', self)
        self.quit_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.quitCapture)

        vbox = QVBoxLayout(self)
        vbox.addWidget(self.start_button)
        vbox.addWidget(self.end_button)
        vbox.addWidget(self.pause_button)
        vbox.addWidget(self.quit_button)

        self.setLayout(vbox)
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 200, 200)
        self.show()

    def start(self):
        path = QtWidgets.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self)[0]
        if path:
            self.capture.startCapture(path)

if __name__== '__main__':
    import sys
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = Window()
    sys.exit(app.exec())

但是，当我运行这段代码时，我得到了这个错误:AttributeError: 'Window' object has no attribute 'start'。另一件事是我想为这个过程有一个单独的按钮，这意味着一旦用户运行代码，在打开的窗口中，他/她可以点击那个按钮(我们称之为加载按钮)，然后选择视频文件，我在这段代码中没有看到。我在某处遗漏了什么吗？或者重新排列的代码可能不是@ekhumoro 的意思。

Answer 1

重新排列代码，使 startCapture 采用 path 参数。然后传入开始按钮槽中文件对话框的路径:

class Capture():
    def __init__(self):
        self.capturing = False

    def startCapture(self, path):
        self.capturing = True
        self.c = cv2.VideoCapture(path)
        while self.capturing:
            ret, frame = self.c.read()
            cv2.imshow("Capture", frame)
            cv2.waitKey(5)
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()

class Window(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        ...
        self.start_button = QPushButton('Start', self)
        self.start_button.clicked.connect(self.start)
        ...

    def start(self):
        path = QtWidgets.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self)[0]
        if path:
            self.capture.startCapture(path)

这是一个完整的替代实现:

import cv2
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton,QVBoxLayout, QFileDialog

class Capture():
    def __init__(self):
        self.capturing = False
        self.c = None

    def setVideoFile(self, path):
        if self.c is not None:
            cv2.destroyAllWindows()
            self.c.release()
        self.c = cv2.VideoCapture(path)
        self.startCapture()

    def startCapture(self):
        self.capturing = True
        cap = self.c
        while(self.capturing):
            ret, frame = cap.read()
            cv2.imshow("Capture", frame)
            cv2.waitKey(5)
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()

    def endCapture(self):
        self.capturing = False

    def pauseCapture(self):
        if cv2.waitKey(0) & 0xFF == ord('p'):  # Pause
            self.capturing = False

    def quitCapture(self):
        cap = self.c
        cv2.destroyAllWindows()
        cap.release()
        QtCore.QCoreApplication.quit()

class Window(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QtWidgets.QWidget.__init__(self)
        self.setWindowTitle('Control Panel')

        self.capture = Capture()
        self.open_button = QPushButton('Open', self)
        self.open_button.clicked.connect(self.open)

        self.start_button = QPushButton('Start', self)
        self.start_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.startCapture)

        self.end_button = QPushButton('End', self)
        self.end_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.endCapture)

        self.pause_button = QPushButton('Pause', self)
        self.pause_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.pauseCapture)

        self.quit_button = QPushButton('Quit', self)
        self.quit_button.clicked.connect(self.capture.quitCapture)

        vbox = QVBoxLayout(self)
        vbox.addWidget(self.open_button)
        vbox.addWidget(self.start_button)
        vbox.addWidget(self.end_button)
        vbox.addWidget(self.pause_button)
        vbox.addWidget(self.quit_button)

        self.setLayout(vbox)
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 200, 200)
        self.show()

    def open(self):
        path = QtWidgets.QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self)[0]
        if path:
            self.capture.setVideoFile(path)

if __name__== '__main__':
    import sys
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = Window()
    sys.exit(app.exec())