python - 如何使用 tkinter 创建下一个按钮以在多个框架之间切换

Question

我正在 tkinter 中编写一个测验程序，其中每个问题都有一个框架。用户从单选按钮列表中选择正确答案后，会弹出一个窗口，允许用户选择测验中的任何问题。这是一个例子:

我不想显示所有可能的答案，而是只想有一个“下一个”和“上一个”按钮，但我很难创建一个在每次选择下一个或上一个按钮时自动更新的按钮。

下面是我的完整代码，供引用。之后我突出显示了重要部分，以使其更容易一些。

Root_File_Name = "C:\\LearningArabic\\LiblibArriby\\"
def Part1():
    JSON_File = Root_File_Name + "Lessons\\Lesson_1\\"
    with open(JSON_File+"Arabic_Lesson_1.json", "r", encoding = "utf-8-sig") as question_file:   
        data = json.load(question_file)

    def create_widgets_in_first_frame():        # Create the label for the frame
        current_frame=frames[0]               #Make the frame number generic so as to make copy/paste easier. ##UPDATE PER QUESTION##
        question_number = "question0"
        question_frame_populator(current_frame, question_number)

    def create_widgets_in_second_frame():
        current_frame=frames[1]               #Make the frame number generic so as to make copy/paste easier. ##UPDATE PER QUESTION##
        question_number = "question1"
        question_frame_populator(current_frame, question_number)

    def create_widgets_in_third_frame():
        current_frame=frames[2]               #Make the frame number generic so as to make copy/paste easier
        question_number = "question2"      
        question_frame_populator(current_frame, question_number)

    def create_widgets_in_forth_frame():
        current_frame=frames[3]               #Make the frame number generic so as to make copy/paste easier
        question_number = "question3"
        question_frame_populator(current_frame, question_number)

    def create_widgets_in_fifth_frame():
        current_frame=frames[4]               #Make the frame number generic so as to make copy/paste easier
        question_number = "question4"
        question_frame_populator(current_frame, question_number)

    def create_widgets_in_sixth_frame():
        current_frame=frames[5]               #Make the frame number generic so as to make copy/paste easier
        question_number = "question5"
        question_frame_populator(current_frame, question_number)

    def question_frame_populator(current_frame, question_number): #This is what displayes all of the information on the frame
        questionDirectory = data["lesson 1"]["part one"][question_number]       ##UPDATE PER QUESTION##  This is the directory for the question.
        wronganswer = questionDirectory["wronganswer"]                      #This is the directory for the wrong answers
        question = questionDirectory.get("question")                        #This is the question text            
        correctanswer = questionDirectory.get("answer")                     #This is the answer for whichever question has been selected.
        arabic = questionDirectory.get("arabic")                            #This is the arabic text for the question
        transliteration = questionDirectory.get("transliteration")

        global var
        var = IntVar()
        var.set(0)  #Sets the initial radiobutton selection to nothing

        answers = generate_answers(wronganswer, correctanswer)  #Pulls answers generated from the "generate_answers" function
        choices = []
        for i in range(3):
            choice = Radiobutton(current_frame, image=answers[i], variable = var, value=i+1, command= Check_Answer)
            choice.image = answers[i]
            choices.append(choice)

        random.shuffle(choices) #This line of code randomizes the order of the radiobuttons. 
        choices[0].grid(row=1, column=0)
        choices[1].grid(row=1, column=1)
        choices[2].grid(row=1, column=2)

        L1 = Label(current_frame, text=question, font=("Helvetica", 35))    #This displays the question at the top of the screen
        L1.grid(columnspan=4, row=0)

        transliteration_button = Button(current_frame, text="Show Transliteration", command= lambda: Transliteration(current_frame, arabic, transliteration))    # Makes the phonetic pronunciation button. #####
        transliteration_button.grid(column=0, row=2)

        Previous_Button() # Creates the "previous" button and displays it.
        Next_Button()  # Creates the "next" button and displays it.
        Quit_Button(current_frame)  # Creates the "quit" button and displays it.

    def Transliteration(current_frame, arabic, transliteration):
        Transliteration = Label(current_frame, text="'"+arabic+"'" + " is pronounced " + "'"+transliteration+"'", font=("Helvetica", 35))
        Transliteration.grid(row=3, columnspan=4)

    def generate_answers(wronganswer, correctanswer):
        Wans=random.sample(wronganswer, 2)
        images = [os.path.join(ImagePath, f"{Wans[i]}.png") for i in range(2)]
        images += [os.path.join(ImagePath, f"{correctanswer}.png")]
        answers = [PhotoImage(file=images[i]) for i in range(3)]
        return answers

    def Check_Answer():
        global lives
        global score

        if str(var.get()) !="3":
            special_frames[1].grid_forget() #This is the frame for right answers
            special_frames[0].grid(column=1, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.E)) #This is the frame for wrong answers
            lives -=1

            Incorrect = Label(special_frames[0], text ="That's incorrect!\n Lives: " +str(lives) + "\n Score: " + str(score), font=("Helvetica", 35))
            Incorrect.grid(row=0, rowspan=2, column=0, columnspan=3)

        if str(var.get()) == "3":
            score +=1

            special_frames[0].grid_forget() #This is the frame for wrong answers
            special_frames[1].grid(column=1, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.E)) #This is the frame for right answers

            Correct = Label(special_frames[1], text = "    That's right!    \n Lives: " +str(lives)+ "\n Score: " + str(score), font=("Helvetica", 35))
            Correct.grid(row=0, rowspan=2, column=0, columnspan=5)
            first_frame_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Question 1", command = call_frame_1)
            first_frame_button.grid(column=0, row=3)
            second_frame_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Question 2", command = call_frame_2)
            second_frame_button.grid(column=1, row=3)
            third_frame_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Question 3", command = call_frame_3)
            third_frame_button.grid(column=2, row=3)
            forth_frame_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Question 4", command = call_frame_4)
            forth_frame_button.grid(column=4, row=3)
            fifth_frame_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Question 5", command = call_frame_5)
            fifth_frame_button.grid(column=0, row=4)                
            sixth_frame_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Question 6", command = call_frame_6)
            sixth_frame_button.grid(column=1, row=4)

    def all_frames_forget():
        for i in range(6):  #This is for question frames
            frames[i].grid_forget()
        for i in range(3):  #This is for special frames, like the correct and incorrect answer frames
            special_frames[i].grid_forget()

    def check_remaining_lives(create_widgets_in_current_frame, current_frame):
        if lives<= 0:
            Zero_Lives()
        else:
            create_widgets_in_current_frame
            current_frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))

    def Zero_Lives():
        special_frames[2].grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.E))

        L5 = Label(special_frames[2], text="You have no remaining lives. \nPlease quit the lesson and try again.", font=("Helvetica", 35))
        L5.grid(columnspan=4, row=0)

        quit_button = Button(special_frames[2], text = "Quit", command = root_window.destroy)
        quit_button.grid(column=1, columnspan = 2, row=2)

    def Previous_Button():
        previous_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Previous", command = previous_question)
        previous_button.grid(column=1, row=5)

    def previous_question():
        global frameNumber
        frameNumber -=1
        call_frame_frameNumber()

    def Next_Button():
        next_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Next", command = next_question)
        next_button.grid(column=2, row=5)

    def next_question():
        global frameNumber
        frameNumber +=1
        call_frame_frameNumber()

    def Quit_Button(current_frame):
        quit_button = Button(current_frame, text = "Quit", command = quit_program)
        quit_button.grid(column=4, row=4)

    def quit_program():
        root_window.destroy()

    def call_frame_1():
        all_frames_forget()
        create_widgets_in_current_frame = create_widgets_in_first_frame() #This line is unique
        current_frame = frames[0]     #This line is unique
        check_remaining_lives(create_widgets_in_current_frame, current_frame)

    def call_frame_2():
        all_frames_forget()
        create_widgets_in_current_frame = create_widgets_in_second_frame() #This line is unique
        current_frame = frames[1] #This line is unique         
        check_remaining_lives(create_widgets_in_current_frame, current_frame)

    def call_frame_3():
        all_frames_forget()
        create_widgets_in_current_frame = create_widgets_in_third_frame() #This line is unique
        current_frame = frames[2] #This line is unique         
        check_remaining_lives(create_widgets_in_current_frame, current_frame)

    def call_frame_4():
        all_frames_forget()
        create_widgets_in_current_frame = create_widgets_in_forth_frame() #This line is unique
        current_frame = frames[3] #This line is unique         
        check_remaining_lives(create_widgets_in_current_frame, current_frame)

    def call_frame_5():
        all_frames_forget()
        create_widgets_in_current_frame = create_widgets_in_fifth_frame() #This line is unique
        current_frame = frames[4] #This line is unique         
        check_remaining_lives(create_widgets_in_current_frame, current_frame)

    def call_frame_6():
        all_frames_forget()
        create_widgets_in_current_frame = create_widgets_in_sixth_frame() #This line is unique
        current_frame = frames[5] #This line is unique         
        check_remaining_lives(create_widgets_in_current_frame, current_frame)       

    ##### Program starts here  #####
    Lesson1_FilePath = Root_File_Name + "Lessons\\Lesson_1\\"
    ImagePath = Lesson1_FilePath + "Images\\"

    root_window = Tk() # Create the root GUI window.
    root_window.title("Lesson 1: Part 1") # Label the root GUI window.

    global score
    score = 0               #Setting the initial score to zero.
    global lives
    lives = 3               #Setting the initial number of lives.
    global frameNumber
    frameNumber = 1

    window_width = 200      # Define window size
    window_heigth = 100

    frames = []  # This includes frames for all questions
    for i in range(6):
        frame=tkinter.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
        frame['borderwidth'] = 2
        frame['relief'] = 'sunken'
        frame.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.N, tkinter.E))
        frames.append(frame)

    special_frames=[] #This includes the frames for: wrong answers, right answers, and zero lives
    for i in range(3):
        special=tkinter.Frame(root_window, width=window_width, height=window_heigth)
        special['borderwidth'] = 2
        special['relief'] = 'sunken'
        special.grid(column=1, row=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky=(tkinter.W, tkinter.E))
        special.grid_forget()
        special_frames.append(special)

    call_frame_1() #Calls the first function which creates the firist frame

    root_window.mainloop()

我知道代码很多，但我想确保所有内容都齐全，以防某些内容对你们来说没有意义。以下是我认为最重要的部分:

    def Previous_Button():
        previous_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Previous", command = previous_question)
        previous_button.grid(column=1, row=5)

    def previous_question():
        global frameNumber
        frameNumber -=1
        call_frame_frameNumber()

    def Next_Button():
        next_button = Button(special_frames[1], text = "Next", command = next_question)
        next_button.grid(column=2, row=5)

    def next_question():
        global frameNumber
        frameNumber +=1
        call_frame_frameNumber()

    global frameNumber
    frameNumber = 1

问题在于 python 无法将“call_frame_frameNumber”识别为“call_frame_X”，其中每次按下按钮时 X 都会发生变化。我收到错误:NameError:名称“call_frame_frameNumber”未定义

我知道定义全局变量不是最佳实践，但这是我目前所知道的全部。如果你能展示更好的方法我非常愿意学习!

Answer 1

这不是很好的编码实践，因为帧的数量会增加，但您可以仅使用多个“if”语句来调用每个函数。

例如:

if frameNumber == 1:
    call_frame_1()