python - 如何设定游戏时间限制？

Question

我编写了一个游戏，它从外部文件中获取歌曲和艺术家姓名。该程序打印艺术家姓名，但掩盖歌曲的标题，用户必须正确猜出标题才能获得积分。这很好用，但我想添加一个时间限制，这样他们只有 60 秒的时间来获得尽可能高的分数。

这是我引用的代码部分:

def pickSong_random():
  score=0
  lives=5
  songFile = open("F_Songs.txt","r")
  songList = songFile.readlines() #Reads from the bridged file
  songFile.close()
  while True:
    chosenSong = random.choice(songList)

    chosenSong = chosenSong.strip("\n")
    artistAndSong = chosenSong.split(":") #Defines song split

    toDisplay = ""
    toDisplay += artistAndSong[0] + ": "
    songTitleWords = artistAndSong[1].split(" ")

    for word in songTitleWords:
      #loop through
      toDisplay += word[0] + " "
    print(toDisplay)
    #print("2" +toDisplay)
    toDisplay = toDisplay.strip("None")
    guesses = 0
    while guesses <2:
        guesses += 1
        guess = input("[Guess]: ")

        #Guess checking
        if guess.lower() == artistAndSong[1].lower():
            print("Correct! The song was " + artistAndSong[1] + " by " + artistAndSong[0])
            print("It took you", guesses, "guess(es)!")
            if guesses == 1:
                print ("(+3 points)")
                print("\n")
                score += 3
                break
            elif guesses == 2:
                print ("(+1 point)")
                print("\n")
                score += 1
                break
        else:
            print("That's incorrect, guess again.\n")
            lives = lives-1
        if lives == 0:
          print ("You have no more lives to continue! Your score was:",score)
          time.sleep(3)
          slow_print ("Would you like to play again?")
          playAgain = input("[Y/N]: ")
          if playAgain == ("n") or playAgain == ("N"):
            sys.exit()
          if playAgain == ("Y") or playAgain == ("y"):
            print ("Your last score was",score,", lets see if you can beat it this time...")
            time.sleep(1)
            print ("\n")
            pickSong_random()

我尝试过这个概念，但到目前为止还没有成功:

import time
countdown=True
time=60
while countdown == True:
    time = time-1
    time.sleep(1.0)
    print (time)
    countdown=True
    if time == 0:
        print ("You've ran out of time!")

更新1我的项目代码现在已经发生了很大的变化

#Casey_Neale
import sys
import random
import time
import math
import csv
import time, sys
newaccounts=True
loggedIn=False
yn=True

def tutorial(): #Games introduction
  slow_print("Your aim is to get as many points as possible...")
  print("\n")
  time.sleep(1.5)
  slow_print("You need to guess the name of each song to gain points...")
  print("\n")
  time.sleep(1.5)
  slow_print("You have two guesses for each song...")
  print("\n")
  time.sleep(1.5)
  slow_print ("The artist name is provided for you...")
  time.sleep(0.5)
  print("\n")

def slow_print(s):
  for c in s:
    sys.stdout.write( '%s' % c )
    sys.stdout.flush()
    time.sleep(0.03)

def leaderboard():
  print ("\n")
  print ("⬇ Check out the leaderboard ⬇") #LEADERBOARD SECTION
  f = open('H_Highscore.txt', 'r')
  leaderboard = [line.replace('\n','') for line in f.readlines()]
  for i in leaderboard:
      print(i)
  f.close()
  time.sleep(10)
  sys.exit()

def loginsys():
  doublecheck=True
  while doublecheck == True:
    verifyRegister = input ("➡Welcome | Are you a registered user?\n[Y/N]: ")
    print (" ")
    if verifyRegister == "n" or verifyRegister == "N":  #If the user is not already registered
      if newaccounts == True:
        loop=True
        while loop == True:
            username = input ("Please enter a username\n[User]: ")#Prompts the user to provide a desired username
            print (" ")#Prompts for username
            checkusername = input ("Please retype your username\n[Verify]: ")#Verifys username
            print (" ")#Prompts to verify username
            if checkusername != username:
              print ("Invalid, please try again")
              loop=True
            else:
              loop=False       
              time.sleep(0.5)
              passloop=True
              while passloop == True:
                      password = input ("Please enter a password\n[Password]: ") #Prompts the user to provide a desired password
                      print (" ")#Prompts for password
                      checkpassword = input ("Please retype your password\n[Verify]: ") #Verifys password
                      print (" ")#Prompts to verify password
                      if checkpassword != password:
                        print ("Invalid, please try again")
                        print (" ")
                        passloop=True
                      else:
                        passloop=False
                        file = open("C_AccountData.txt","a") #Opens the file C_AccountData.txt in write mode/opens connection
                        file.write("USRN:") #Prefix Username to make the file easier to read
                        file.write(username) #Writes the username 
                        file.write("|") #Partition for visual ease to make the file easier to read
                        file.write("PSWD:") #Prefix Password to make the file easier to read
                        file.write(password)#Writes the password
                        file.write("\n") #New line to make the file easier to read
                        file.close() #Closes file/ends connection
                        print ("✓Your account has been created") #Verifies that the account has been made to the user
                        time.sleep(2)
                        print ("\n")
                        doublecheck=True #Loop

    if verifyRegister == "Y" or verifyRegister == "y":
      loop=True
      if loop == True:
          user = input("[User]: ")
          passw = input("[Password]: ")
          f = open("C_AccountData.txt", "r")
          for line in f.readlines():
            uspwd = line.split("|")
            us = uspwd[0]
            pw = uspwd[1]
            if (user in us) and (passw in pw):
              loop=False
              print("Login successful, welcome",user)
              doublecheck=False
          else:
            if loop == True:
                  print ("\n")
                  print ("Sorry, your account details were not recognised. ")

    else:
      if verifyRegister != "Y" or verifyRegister != "y" or verifyRegister != "N" or verifyRegister != "n" or verifyRegister !="backup":
        print("\n")
        doublecheck=True

def pickSong_random():
  score=0
  lives=5
  songFile = open("F_Songs.txt","r")
  songList = songFile.readlines() #Reads from the bridged file
  songFile.close()
  while True:
    chosenSong = random.choice(songList)

    chosenSong = chosenSong.strip("\n")
    artistAndSong = chosenSong.split(":") #Defines song split

    toDisplay = ""
    toDisplay += artistAndSong[0] + ": "
    songTitleWords = artistAndSong[1].split(" ")

    for word in songTitleWords:
      #loop through
      toDisplay += word[0] + " "
    print(toDisplay)
    #print("2" +toDisplay)
    toDisplay = toDisplay.strip("None")
    guesses = 0
    while guesses <2:
        guesses += 1
        guess = input("[Enter your guess]: ")

        #Guess checking
        if guess.lower() == artistAndSong[1].lower():
            print("✓Correct! The song was " + artistAndSong[1] + " by " + artistAndSong[0])
            print("It took you", guesses, "guess(es)!")
            if guesses == 1:
                print ("\n")
                print ("⬆(+3 points)⬆")
                print("\n")
                score += 3
                break
            elif guesses == 2:
                print ("\n")
                print ("⬆(+1 point)⬆")
                print("\n")
                score += 1
                break
        else:
            print("❌The song name isn't",guess,"\n")
            lives = lives-1
            if guesses == 2:
              print ("Sorry, you couldn't guess the song.")
              print ("\n")
        if lives == 0:
          print ("You have no more lives to continue! Your score was:",score)
          time.sleep(3)
          print("\n")
          slow_print ("Would you like to play again?")
          playAgain = input("\n[Y/N]: ")
          if playAgain == ("n") or playAgain == ("N"):
            print ("\n")
            user = str(input("Enter a name to save your highscore: ")) #user variable is not saved from the login system as it is defined as a function separately
            file = open ("H_Highscore.txt","a")
            file.write(user)
            file.write(",")      
            file.write(str(score)) #(int(x)) can not be written
            file.write("pts")
            file.write("\n")
            file.close()
            time.sleep(0.5)
            leaderboard()
            sys.exit()
          if playAgain == ("Y") or playAgain == ("y"):
            print ("Your last score was",score,", lets see if you can beat it this time...")
            time.sleep(1)
            print ("\n")
            pickSong_random()
loginsys() #LOGIN PROTOCOL
time.sleep(3)
print("\n")
tutorial() #TUTORIAL PROTOCOL
slow_print ("Prepare yourself! The game will begin in...\n")
time.sleep(0.5)
print("\n")
slow_print("5...")
time.sleep(0.5)
print("\n")
slow_print("4...")
time.sleep(0.5)
print("\n")
slow_print ("3...")
time.sleep(0.5)
print("\n")
slow_print ("2...")
time.sleep(0.5)
print("\n")
slow_print ("1...")
time.sleep(0.5)
print("\n")

pickSong_random() #GAME PROTOCOL
sys.exit() #EXIT PROTOCOL

Answer 1

以下是如何使用 threading.Timer() 执行此操作我在评论中建议的类(class)。这些可以配置为延迟指定的时间和您选择的函数的调用。

在下面的代码中，我定义了一个名为 timeout() 的回调函数和一个名为 time_ran_out 的全局变量，并将其设置为 True当定时器到期时。添加的代码中的注释描述了正在执行的操作。回调函数所做的只是设置变量的值。 pickSong_random() 函数中的其他代码检查此变量的值以确定回调函数是否被调用。

Timer 实例(以及它们回调的函数)的好处是它们的执行发生在后台，与运行游戏本身的主线程并行 - 因此使用它们不会'不会对游戏的执行或代码产生太大影响。

注意，我还重新格式化了您的代码，使其遵循 PEP 8 - Style Guide for Python Code指南，因此我认为它更具可读性(并且更容易操作)。

import random
import sys
import time
from threading import Timer

TIMELIMIT = 10.0  # Seconds (set low for testing).


def slow_print(s):
    for c in s:
        sys.stdout.write('%s' % c)
        sys.stdout.flush()
        time.sleep(0.03)


def pickSong_random():
    # Local Timer callback function.
    def timeout():
        nonlocal time_ran_out  # Reference variable defined in enclosing scope
                               # (so a local one isn't created automatically).
        time_ran_out = True

    score = 0
    lives = 5
    songFile = open("F_Songs.txt", "r")
    songList = songFile.readlines() # Reads from the bridged file
    songFile.close()

    while True:
        chosenSong = random.choice(songList)
        chosenSong = chosenSong.strip("\n")
        artistAndSong = chosenSong.split(":") # Defines song split

        toDisplay = ""
        toDisplay += artistAndSong[0] + ": "
        songTitleWords = artistAndSong[1].split(" ")

        for word in songTitleWords:
            # loop through
            toDisplay += word[0] + " "
        print(toDisplay)
        # print("2" +toDisplay)
        toDisplay = toDisplay.strip("None")

        guesses = 0
        timer = Timer(TIMELIMIT, timeout)  # Create a timer thread object.
        time_ran_out = False  # Define local variable the callback function modifies.

        timer.start()  # Start the background timer.
        while guesses < 2:
            if time_ran_out:
                print('Times up!')
                break

            guesses += 1
            guess = input("[Enter your guess]: ")

            # Guess checking
            if guess.lower() == artistAndSong[1].lower():
                print("✓Correct! The song was " + artistAndSong[1]
                        + " by " + artistAndSong[0])
                print("It took you", guesses, "guess(es)!")
                if guesses == 1:
                    print("\n")
                    print("↑(+3 points)↑")
                    print("\n")
                    score += 3
                    break
                elif guesses == 2:
                    print("\n")
                    print("↑(+1 point)↑")
                    print("\n")
                    score += 1
                    break
            else:
                print("╳The song name isn't", guess, "\n")
                lives = lives-1
                if guesses == 2:
                    print("Sorry, you couldn't guess the song.")
                    print("\n")
            if lives == 0:
                print("You have no more lives to continue! Your score was:", score)
                time.sleep(3)
                print("\n")
                slow_print("Would you like to play again?")
                playAgain = input("\n[Y/N]: ")
                if playAgain == ("n") or playAgain == ("N"):
                    print("\n")
                    # user variable is not saved from the login system as it is
                    # defined as a function separately
                    user = str(input("Enter a name to save your highscore: "))
                    file = open ("H_Highscore.txt", "a")
                    file.write(user)
                    file.write(",")
                    file.write(str(score)) # (int(x)) can not be written
                    file.write("pts")
                    file.write("\n")
                    file.close()
                    time.sleep(0.5)
                    leaderboard()
                    sys.exit()
                if playAgain == ("Y") or playAgain == ("y"):
                    print("Your last score was", score,", lets see if you can beat it this time...")
                    time.sleep(1)
                    print("\n")
                    pickSong_random()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pickSong_random()