python - 在 Python 中将 4D 数据绘制为分层热图

Question

我想使用 (x,y,z) 坐标和基于颜色的第四维创建分层热图，以与强度相关联。

每个与图层相关的数据都位于一个文本文件中，其中包含 x、y、z 和 G 列。分隔符是空格。如果未能正确呈现，敬请原谅。

XA20060012001800240030002006001200180024003000

YA000000600600600600600600

ZA600600600600600600600600600600600600

遗传算法1.271.541.491.341.271.251.281.961.121.061.061.06

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

data = np.load(filename)

x = np.linspace(0,2400,num=6)
y = np.linspace(0,2400,num=11)
X,Y=np.meshgrid(x,y)
Z = data[:,:,0] * 1e-3

plt.contourf(X,Y,Z)
plt.colorbar()

如何读取文本文件、创建并沿 Z 轴叠加热图？

Answer 1

假设你有两个 txt 文件，即 data-z600.txt 和 data-z1200.txt，与你的 python 脚本位于同一文件夹中，其内容完全相同

data-z600.txt(您的)

XA YA ZA GA
200 0 600 1.27
600 0 600 1.54
1200 0 600 1.49
1800 0 600 1.34
2400 0 600 1.27
3000 0 600 1.25
200 600 600 1.28
600 600 600 1.96
1200 600 600 1.12
1800 600 600 1.06
2400 600 600 1.06
3000 600 600 1.06

和data-z1200.txt(故意发明的)

XA YA ZA GA
200 0 1200 1.31
600 0 1200 2
1200 0 1200 1.63
1800 0 1200 1.36
2400 0 1200 1.31
3000 0 1200 1.35
200 600 1200 1.38
600 600 1200 1.36
1200 600 1200 1.2
1800 600 1200 1.1
2400 600 1200 1.1
3000 600 1200 1.11

<小时/>

让我们导入所有必需的库

# libraries
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy.interpolate as si
from matplotlib import cm
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

并定义grids_maker，该函数负责准备给定文件中包含的数据，此处通过filepath参数定位。

def grids_maker(filepath):
    # Get the data
    df = pd.read_csv(filepath, sep=' ')

    # Make things more legible
    xy = df[['XA', 'YA']]
    x  = xy.XA
    y  = xy.YA
    z  = df.ZA
    g  = df.GA
    reso_x = reso_y = 50
    interp = 'cubic' # or 'nearest' or 'linear'

    # Convert the 4d-space's dimensions into grids
    grid_x, grid_y = np.mgrid[
        x.min():x.max():1j*reso_x,
        y.min():y.max():1j*reso_y
    ]

    grid_z = si.griddata(
        xy, z.values,
        (grid_x, grid_y),
        method=interp
    )

    grid_g = si.griddata(
        xy, g.values,
        (grid_x, grid_y),
        method=interp
    )

    return {
        'x' : grid_x,
        'y' : grid_y,
        'z' : grid_z,
        'g' : grid_g,
    }

让我们对文件列表使用 grids_maker 并获取每个文件第四维的极值。

# Let's retrieve all files' contents
fgrids = dict.fromkeys([
    'data-z600.txt',
    'data-z1200.txt'
])
g_mins = []
g_maxs = []

for fpath in fgrids.keys():
    fgrids[fpath] = grids = grids_maker(fpath)
    g_mins.append(grids['g'].min())
    g_maxs.append(grids['g'].max())

让我们创建我们的(所有文件统一的)色标

# Create the 4th color-rendered dimension
scam = plt.cm.ScalarMappable(
    norm=cm.colors.Normalize(min(g_mins), max(g_maxs)),
    cmap='jet' # see https://matplotlib.org/examples/color/colormaps_reference.html
)

...最后制作/显示情节

# Make the plot
fig = plt.figure()
ax  = fig.gca(projection='3d')
for grids in fgrids.values(): 
    scam.set_array([])   
    ax.plot_surface(
        grids['x'], grids['y'], grids['z'],
        facecolors  = scam.to_rgba(grids['g']),
        antialiased = True,
        rstride=1, cstride=1, alpha=None
    )
plt.show()