python - 如何在运行 Django 测试之前加载测试 yaml 文件？

Question

我正在使用 Django 和 Python 3.7。我想在运行测试之前加载一些测试数据。我认为在我的测试中指定“fixtures”元素可以做到这一点，但它似乎没有被加载。我使用以下内容创建了文件 mainpage/fixtures/test_data.yaml

model: mainpage.website
  pk: 1
  fields:
    path: /testsite

model: mainpage.article
  pk: 1
  fields:
    website: 1
    title: 'mytitle'
    path: '/test-path'
    url: 'http://www.mdxomein.com/path'
    created_on:
      type: datetime
      columnDefinition: TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

model: mainpage.articlestat:
  pk: 1
  fields:
    article: 1
    elapsed_time_in_seconds: 300
    hits: 2

我在下面的测试文件中指定了 fixture ...

from django.test import TestCase
from mainpage.models import ArticleStat, Article
import unittest


class TestModels(unittest.TestCase):

    fixtures = ['/mainpage/fixtures/test_data.yaml',]

    # Test saving an article stat that hasn't previously
    # existed
    def test_add_articlestat(self):
        id = 1
        article = Article.objects.filter(id=id)
        self.assertTrue(article, "A pre-condition of this test is that an article exist with id=" + str(id))
        articlestat = ArticleStat(article=article,elapsed_time_in_seconds=250,votes=25,comments=15)
        articlestat.save()
        article_stat = ArticleStat.objects.get(article=article)
        self.assertTrue(article_stat, "Failed to svae article stat properly.")

但是当我的测试运行时，似乎没有加载任何测试数据......

(venv) localhost:mainpage_project davea$ cd /Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project; source ./venv/bin/activate; python manage.py test
test activated!
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py:1421: RuntimeWarning: DateTimeField Article.front_page_first_appeared_date received a naive datetime (2019-01-30 17:02:31.329751) while time zone support is active.
  RuntimeWarning)
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_add_articlestat (mainpage.tests.TestModels)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/mainpage/tests.py", line 15, in test_add_articlestat
    self.assertTrue(article, "A pre-condition of this test is that an article exist with id=" + str(id))
AssertionError: <QuerySet []> is not true : A pre-condition of this test is that an article exist with id=1

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

我尝试将文件名更改为根本不存在的名称，以查看是否收到不同的错误，但没有。所以我认为这个“Fixtures”惯例根本不起作用。如何在运行测试之前加载测试数据？

Answer 1

为了以这种方式使用固定装置，需要设置TransactionTestCase.fixtures。 ¹

加载装置的神奇发生在TransactionTestCase中。这使得测试类的子类 TransactionTestCase 例如django.test.TestCase 还会加载在fixtures 属性中指定的fixtures。 ²

当前的TestModels测试类是unitest.TestCase的子类，因此对装置设置不执行任何操作。 ³

from django.test import TestCase

class TestModels(TestCase):
    fixtures = ['test_data.yaml',]

通常，设置 fixture 文件的名称而不是 fixture 文件的整个路径就可以了。如果您需要为要在其中发现的装置设置自定义文件夹，可以通过设置 FIXTURE_DIRS ^{4 来指定。}