python - numpy:通过 2d 插值调整 3d 数组大小

Question

我有一个形状为 (NUMBER_IMAGES,IMAGE_WIDTH,IMAGE_HEIGHT) 的 numpy 数组

我现在想以最有效的方式将此数组缩小到(NUMBER_IMAGES,NEW_IMAGE_WIDTH,NEW_IMAGE_HEIGHT)。但是，我希望插值(例如双线性)仅应用于每个图像。

对，我正在第一个维度上循环，并使用 PIL 缩小每个图像的大小并进行插值。'''

    for i in range(len(images)):
        img_tmp = images[i, :, :]
        img_tmp = np.array(Image.fromarray(img_tmp).resize((NEW_SIZE, NEW_SIZE), resample=Image.BILINEAR))
        if resized_array is None:
            resized_array = np.empty(
                shape=(images.shape[0], img_tmp.shape[0], img_tmp.shape[1])
            )
        resized_array[i, :, :] = img_tmp

但我想有一种更有效的方法。

有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

我认为你可以用 scipy.ndimage.map_coordinates 做你想做的事:

import numpy as np
import scipy.ndimage.interpolation

def resize_batch(image_batch, new_width, new_height):
    image_batch = np.asarray(image_batch)
    shape = list(image_batch.shape)
    shape[1] = new_width
    shape[2] = new_height
    ind = np.indices(shape, dtype=float)
    ind[1] *= (image_batch.shape[1] - 1) / float(new_width - 1)
    ind[2] *= (image_batch.shape[2] - 1) / float(new_height - 1)
    return scipy.ndimage.interpolation.map_coordinates(image_batch, ind, order=1)

print(resize_batch(np.zeros([10, 20, 30]), 60, 15).shape)
# (10, 60, 15)

print(resize_batch(np.zeros([10, 20, 30, 3]), 60, 15).shape)
# (10, 60, 15, 3)

编辑:

这里有几个其他版本。这个仅使用 NumPy 运算而不使用 SciPy，“手动”计算双线性插值:

import numpy as np

def resize_batch_np(image_batch, new_width, new_height):
    dtype = image_batch.dtype
    n, width, height = image_batch.shape[:3]
    extra_dims = image_batch.ndim - 3
    w = np.linspace(0, width - 1, new_width, dtype=dtype)[:, np.newaxis]
    h = np.linspace(0, height - 1, new_height, dtype=dtype)
    nn = np.arange(n, dtype=np.int32)[:, np.newaxis, np.newaxis]
    ii_1 = w.astype(np.int32)
    ii_2 = (ii_1 + 1).clip(max=width - 1)
    w_alpha = w - ii_1
    w_alpha = w_alpha.reshape(w_alpha.shape + (1,) * extra_dims)
    w_alpha_1 = 1 - (w_alpha)
    jj_1 = h.astype(np.int32)
    jj_2 = (jj_1 + 1).clip(max=height - 1)
    h_alpha = h - jj_1
    h_alpha = h_alpha.reshape(h_alpha.shape + (1,) * extra_dims)
    h_alpha_1 = 1 - (h_alpha)
    out_11 = image_batch[nn, ii_1, jj_1]
    out_12 = image_batch[nn, ii_1, jj_2]
    out_21 = image_batch[nn, ii_2, jj_1]
    out_22 = image_batch[nn, ii_2, jj_2]
    return ((out_11 * h_alpha_1 + out_12 * h_alpha) * w_alpha_1 +
            (out_21 * h_alpha_1 + out_22 * h_alpha) * w_alpha)

另外一个也做了同样的事情，但是使用的是 Numba:

import numpy as np
import numba as nb

@nb.njit(parallel=True)
def resize_batch_nb(image_batch, new_width, new_height):
    dtype = image_batch.dtype
    n, width, height = image_batch.shape[:3]
    extra_dims = image_batch.ndim - 3
    w = np.empty(new_width, dtype=dtype)
    for i in range(new_width):
        w[i] = (width - 1) * i / (new_width - 1)
    h = np.empty(new_height, dtype=dtype)
    for i in range(new_height):
        h[i] = (height - 1) * i / (new_height - 1)
    ii_1 = w.astype(np.int32)
    ii_2 = np.minimum(ii_1 + 1, width - 1)
    w_alpha = w - ii_1
    w_alpha_1 = 1 - (w_alpha)
    jj_1 = h.astype(np.int32)
    jj_2 = np.minimum(jj_1 + 1, height - 1)
    h_alpha = h - jj_1
    h_alpha_1 = 1 - (h_alpha)
    out = np.empty((n, new_width, new_height) + image_batch.shape[3:], dtype=dtype)
    for idx in nb.prange(n):
        for i in nb.prange(new_width):
            for j in nb.prange(new_height):
                out_11 = image_batch[idx, ii_1[i], jj_1[j]]
                out_12 = image_batch[idx, ii_1[i], jj_2[j]]
                out_21 = image_batch[idx, ii_2[i], jj_1[j]]
                out_22 = image_batch[idx, ii_2[i], jj_2[j]]
                out_1 = out_11 * h_alpha_1[j] + out_12 * h_alpha[j]
                out_2 = out_21 * h_alpha_1[j] + out_22 * h_alpha[j]
                out[idx, i, j] = out_1 * w_alpha_1[i] + out_2 * w_alpha[i]
    return out

结果与之前相同:

import numpy as np

np.random.seed(100)
image_batch = np.random.rand(100, 200, 300, 3).astype(float)
new_width = 60
new_height = 80
out = resize_batch(image_batch, new_width, new_height)
out_np = resize_batch_np(image_batch, new_width, new_height)
out_nb = resize_batch_nb(image_batch, new_width, new_height)
print(np.allclose(out, out_np))
# True
print(np.allclose(out, out_nb))
# True

但性能显着提高:

%timeit resize_batch(image_batch, new_width, new_height)
# 211 ms ± 9.36 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)
%timeit resize_batch_np(image_batch, new_width, new_height)
# 106 ms ± 1.8 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
%timeit resize_batch_nb(image_batch, new_width, new_height)
# 48.3 ms ± 142 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)