python - 使用更改后的 python 字典更新 SQLAlchemy orm 对象

Question

在实现对内容变化使用react的可变字典时遇到问题。我已成功设置 SQLAlchemy 来管理添加和删除。但是，对存储的字典内容的更改不会“触发”SQLAlchemy 数据库的更新。

我在 stackoverflow 上发现了一些其他问题，建议:

By default SQLAlchemy doesn't track changes inside dict attributes. To make it track changes, you can use the mutable extension:

我按照这里的例子How to implement mutable PickleTypes that automatically update on change

但是，我无法让它工作。在我的示例中，当我从 Column(PickleType) 更改为 Column(MutableDict.as_mutable(PickleType)) 时，SQLAlchemy session 不再找到该对象。下面的代码说明了我正在尝试做的事情。

第一个代码是我设置数据库的地方，第二个代码是我试图向一个人添加交易的地方。我设法添加交易并删除它们，但无法更改它们。因此，为什么我尝试使用 MutableDict 类，但我似乎并不完全理解它。

设置 SQL 数据库:(sqlalchemy_declarative.py)

from sqlalchemy import Column, ForeignKey, Integer, String, PickleType
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.ext.mutable import Mutable
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

Base = declarative_base()


class MutableDict(Mutable, dict):

    @classmethod
    def coerce(cls, key, value):
        if not isinstance(value, MutableDict):
            if isinstance(value, dict):
                return MutableDict(value)
            return Mutable.coerce(key, value)
        else:
            return value

    def __delitem(self, key):
        dict.__delitem__(self, key)
        self.changed()

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        dict.__setitem__(self, key, value)
        self.changed()

    def __getstate__(self):
        return dict(self)

    def __setstate__(self, state):
        self.update(self)


class Person(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'person_object'
    # Here we define columns for the table person
    # Notice that each column is also a normal Python instance attribute.
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    first_name = Column(String, nullable=False)
    last_name = Column(String, nullable=False)

    def __str__(self):  # prints when treated as string (for use interface)
        return f"Primary id: {self.id} \n" \
               f"First name: {self.first_name}"


class Transactions(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'transactions'
    # Here we define columns for the table address.
    # Notice that each column is also a normal Python instance attribute.
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    transactions = Column(MutableDict.as_mutable(PickleType))
    # transactions = Column(PickleType)
    person_object_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('person_object.id'))
    person_object = relationship(Person)

    def update(self, tmp_dict):
        for key, value in tmp_dict.items():
            print(key, value)
            setattr(self, self.transactions[f'{key}'], value)


def create_db():
    # Create an engine that stores data in the local directory's
    # sqlalchemy_example.db file.
    engine = create_engine('sqlite:///person.db')

    # Create all tables in the engine. This is equivalent to "Create Table"
    # statements in raw SQL.
    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

示例代码:

from sqlalchemy_declarative import Person, Base, Transactions
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

import sqlalchemy_declarative as sqlalchemy_declarative


def main():
    sqlalchemy_declarative.create_db()
    engine = create_engine('sqlite:///person.db')
    Base.metadata.bind = engine
    db_session = sessionmaker()
    db_session.bind = engine
    session = db_session()

    transaction1 = {'item1': 'banana',
                    'item2': 'apple',
                    'item3': 'sugar',
                    'item4': 'coke',
                    'item5': 'candy'}
    transaction2 = {'item1': 'pizza',
                    'item2': 'water'}

    new_obj = Person(first_name='Bob', last_name='Smith')
    session.add(new_obj)

    new_transaction = Transactions(transactions=transaction1, person_object=new_obj)
    session.add(new_transaction)

    new_transaction = Transactions(transactions=transaction2, person_object=new_obj)
    session.add(new_transaction)
    session.commit()

    test = session.query(Transactions).all()

    for tmp in test:
        print(type(tmp.transactions))
        print(tmp.transactions == transaction1)

    test2 = session.query(Transactions).filter(Transactions.transactions == transaction1).all()
    print(test2)

    transaction1 = {'item1': 'banana',
                    'item2': 'apple',
                    'item3': 'sugar',
                    'item4': 'coke',
                    'item5': 'pineapple'}
    test2.update(transaction1)
    session.commit()

    all_transactions = session.query(Transactions).all()

    for tmp in all_transactions:
        print(tmp.transactions)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

但是，test2 过滤器找不到任何与 transaction1 字典匹配的交易。我怀疑这与字典存储为 MutableDict 而不是 Dict 有关。但我该怎么办，以及在添加交易1后如何编辑和更改它。

TLDR:我想更改使用 SQLAlchemy 存储为 ORM 的字典中的内容。

Answer 1

我意识到我可以通过简单地不使用 .filter 方法来解决我的问题。因此下面的例子就可以正常工作。

    transaction1 = {'item1': 'banana',
                    'item2': 'apple',
                    'item3': 'sugar',
                    'item4': 'coke',
                    'item5': 'candy'}
    transaction2 = {'item1': 'pizza',
                    'item2': 'water'}

    new_obj = Person(first_name='Bob', last_name='Smith')
    session.add(new_obj)

    new_transaction = Transactions(transactions=transaction1, person_object=new_obj)
    session.add(new_transaction)

    new_transaction = Transactions(transactions=transaction2, person_object=new_obj)
    session.add(new_transaction)
    session.commit()

    test = session.query(Transactions).all()

    for tmp in test:
        print(tmp.transactions)

    new_transaction.transactions['item1'] = 'curry banana'
    session.commit()

    test = session.query(Transactions).all()

    for tmp in test:
        print(tmp.transactions)