python - SQLAlchemy: AttributeError: 'Table' 对象没有属性 'id'

Question

我正在构建一个数据库，将我的本地产品目录与外国产品目录相匹配。当我有唯一的表'Catalog'时，SQLAlchemy 工作得很好。添加表 Competitors 和 Competitors_catalog 后，我向两个新表添加记录的所有尝试均返回错误。

AttributeError: 'Table' object has no attribute 'id'

我多次更改/删除/播放Competitors和Competitors_catalog之间的关系，通过flask-migrate来回删除和创建表，但不断收到相同的错误。像 Competitors.query.all() 这样的简单查询返回相同的结果。删除了 db.relationship() - 相同的结果。然后我最终回滚到一个干净的数据库，并从头开始使用 Flask-migrate 启动它。之后，我开始收到相同的错误，尝试将记录添加到Catalog表，在我回滚之前，它运行良好。这很奇怪，因为我没有对那部分代码进行任何更改。

class Catalog(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'catalog'

    id            = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name          = db.Column(db.String(60), index=True, nullable=False)
    parent_id     = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('catalog.id'), default=None)
    url           = db.Column(db.String())
    created       = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now())
    last_modified = db.Column(db.DateTime, index=True, onupdate=datetime.now())

    categories = db.relationship('Catalog', remote_side='catalog.id', backref='parent')

class Competitors(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'competitors'

    id            = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name          = db.Column(db.String(40), index=True, nullable=False)
    base_url      = db.Column(db.String())
    cat_url       = db.Column(db.String())
    created       = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now())
    last_modified = db.Column(db.DateTime, onupdate=datetime.now(), default=datetime.now())

    sells = db.relationship('Competitors_catalog', backref='competitor', cascade="all, delete-orphan", passive_deletes=True, lazy='dynamic')

class CompCatalog(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'compcatalog'

    id            = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    out_id        = db.Column(db.Integer)
    name          = db.Column(db.String(60), index=True, nullable=False)
    top_section   = db.Column(db.Integer, default=None)
    comp_id       = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('competitors.id', ondelete="CASCADE"))
    url           = db.Column(db.String())
    created       = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now())
    last_modified = db.Column(db.DateTime, index=True, onupdate=datetime.now())

简单创建新实例会返回错误。但在回滚之前工作正常。

from .models import Catalog

name = 'Apple'
rec = Catalog(name=name)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
  File ".../app/helpers.py", line 31, in create_catalog
    rec = Catalog(name=name)
  File "<string>", line 2, in __init__
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/instrumentation.py", line 376, in _new_state_if_none
    state = self._state_constructor(instance, self)
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/langhelpers.py", line 855, in __get__
    obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = result = self.fget(obj)
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/instrumentation.py", line 202, in _state_constructor
    self.dispatch.first_init(self, self.class_)
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/event/attr.py", line 322, in __call__
    fn(*args, **kw)
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/mapper.py", line 3360, in _event_on_first_init
    configure_mappers()
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/mapper.py", line 3248, in configure_mappers
    mapper._post_configure_properties()
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/mapper.py", line 1947, in _post_configure_properties
    prop.init()
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/interfaces.py", line 196, in init
    self.do_init()
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/relationships.py", line 1860, in do_init
    self._process_dependent_arguments()
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/relationships.py", line 1889, in _process_dependent_arguments
    setattr(self, attr, attr_value())
  File ".../.virtualenvs/.../lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/ext/declarative/clsregistry.py", line 294, in __call__
    x = eval(self.arg, globals(), self._dict)
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'Table' object has no attribute 'id'

Answer 1

remote_side 参数可以作为可计算字符串传递，您已完成此操作:

remote_side='catalog.id'

问题在于，它所评估的命名空间包含 Table 对象和模型类，而您引用的是 Table 而不是模型类。只需将远程端更改为

remote_side='Catalog.id'

或者直接在类主体中传递id列:

class Catalog(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'catalog'

    id            = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    ...
    categories = db.relationship('Catalog', remote_side=id, backref='parent')