python - 如何多次分割输入文本

Question

我有一个输入文件，其结构如下:年份用“-”分隔，研究用“=”分隔，学生及其表现用“\t”分隔。我的目标是解析输入文件以获取数字。当我最终得到这些数字时，我需要最后两个数字来代表学生的表现，以百分比表示。问题是，当我用连字符等分割输入时，我得到一个列表，但我不知道此时要做什么，因为我不能再次将其删除，因为它现在是一个列表。基本上，它是一长串名称，其中包含以毫秒为单位的性能时间，然后是以百分比表示的性能，如下所示:Frank Pierre 1398 81。这是我想从列表中所有不同名称中检索的第二个数字，因为该数字代表百分比。

我已经能够通过使用 for 循环遍历输入文件中的所有项目来检索数字，然后将它们附加到新列表(如果它们是整数)，但问题是我的解决方案使用了以下事实:最后的所有数字都小于或等于一百(因为它们是百分比)，最终将它们从新列表中删除并将它们添加到新的百分比列表中。但是，我希望程序能够以更通用的方式处理具有相同结构的输入文件。

想象一个具有相同结构的文件，但在一些情况下学生姓名后面的第一个数字低于 100。我的程序会将其识别为百分比，因为它低于 100，但这是不是这样的!只有第一个数字之后的第二个数字代表百分比。这就是为什么我认为最好解析输入文件，以便将数字与其他所有内容分开，然后使用索引检索第二个数字。我只是不知道如何做到这一点。

如果有人知道如何完成这项工作，那就太好了。代码必须在 python 2.7 中，我不能使用任何外部模块，我必须自己定义函数。我只需要能够获得第二个数字的列表，这样我就可以使用它们来对它们进行分析。

我目前有以下代码:

'with open("statistics_input.txt", "r") as input:
    information = input.read()
    splitted = information.split('-')
first = splitted[0]'

问题是我现在最终得到了一个包含 6 个不同索引的列表，每年一个，我不知道如何进一步解析它。我首先将第一年作为变量，但是现在我如何检索该年的数字并为每年重复该过程？

Answer 1

到目前为止，您已经弄清楚如何打开和读取文件，所以我跳过这一部分。假设您的文件内容在变量 text 中读取，以下代码:

data = {}
years = text.split('\n-')  # text -- is your source text

for y in years :
    year = y.split('\n') [0]
    subj = y.split('\n') [1:]

    data[year] = {}

    subject = 'none'
    for s in subj :
        if len(s) < 5 or s[0] == '=' :
            subject = s
            data[year][subject] = []
            continue
        name, result = s.split('\t')
        data[year][subject].append( (name, result) )

    print json.dumps( data, indent=4)

给出以下结果:

{
    "1999": {
        "I": [
            [
                "Willem Jan van Steen", 
                "9859 77"
            ], 
            [
                "Guillaume Kielmann", 
                "5264 77"
            ], 
            [
                "Guillaume Bos", 
                "8200 6"
            ], 
            [
                "Matty Klop", 
                "9066 42"
            ], 
            [
                "Atze Klop", 
                "3318 45"
            ], 
            [
                "Sven Kielmann", 
                "1160 63"
            ], 
            [
                "Wartie Hijma", 
                "1904 65"
            ], 
            [
                "Matty Evers", 
                "2516 100"
            ], 
            [
                "Matty Bos", 
                "2941 99"
            ], 
            [
                "Pieter van der Ploeg", 
                "8873 80"
            ], 
            [
                "Jan Willem van Zeist", 
                "3934 95"
            ], 
            [
                "Thilo van Steen", 
                "9665 61"
            ], 
            [
                "Wan van Raamsdonk", 
                "1771 86"
            ], 
            [
                "Henri Fokkink", 
                "7484 59"
            ], 
            [
                "Jan Willem Evers", 
                "9709 82"
            ]
        ], 
        "=AI": [
            [
                "Sven Swarttouw", 
                "2604 73"
            ], 
            [
                "Eline van Raamsdonk", 
                "9771 60"
            ], 
            [
                "Herbert van der Ploeg", 
                "9325 41"
            ], 
            [
                "Eline Hijma", 
                "430 23"
            ], 
            [
                "Pieter Hijma", 
                "8203 65"
            ], 
            [
                "Eline Silvis Cividjian", 
                "2700 79"
            ]
        ], 
        "=W": [
            [
                "Guillaume Zeggers", 
                "290 47"
            ], 
            [
                "Natalia van Raamsdonk", 
                "2751 55"
            ], 
            [
                "Wartie Zeggers", 
                "3079 92"
            ], 
            [
                "Atze Swarttouw", 
                "9474 30"
            ], 
            [
                "Rene Pierre", 
                "2125 62"
            ], 
            [
                "Pieter van Mantgem", 
                "3023 67"
            ], 
            [
                "Jan Willem Hijma", 
                "7441 86"
            ]
        ], 
        "=BWI": [
            [
                "Rene Zeggers", 
                "7679 8"
            ], 
            [
                "Matty van Mantgem", 
                "7431 44"
            ], 
            [
                "Sven van Raamsdonk", 
                "7248 46"
            ], 
            [
                "Eline Pierre", 
                "5731 86"
            ], 
            [
                "Maarten Kielmann", 
                "7162 59"
            ], 
            [
                "Atze Zeggers", 
                "7065 72"
            ], 
            [
                "Eline van Mantgem", 
                "830 78"
            ], 
            [
                "Natalia van Steen", 
                "6321 49"
            ], 
            [
                "Frank van Raamsdonk", 
                "1380 31"
            ], 
            [
                "Pieter Bos", 
                "9639 94"
            ], 
            [
                "Andy Zeggers", 
                "5232 78"
            ], 
            [
                "Andy van Raamsdonk", 
                "1256 69"
            ], 
            [
                "Eline Gude", 
                "4101 40"
            ], 
            [
                "Matty Fokkink", 
                "9839 89"
            ], 
            [
                "Natalia Hijma", 
                "203 11"
            ], 
            [
                "Henri Bos", 
                "6728 66"
            ], 
            [
                "Guillaume van der Ploeg", 
                "9998 48"
            ], 
            [
                "Jan Willem van Steen", 
                "760 79"
            ], 
            [
                "Matty Pierre", 
                "337 96"
            ], 
            [
                "Wan Gude", 
                "3811 39"
            ]
        ], 
        "=ECTR": [
            [
                "Frank Swarttouw", 
                "6484 49"
            ], 
            [
                "Wan Hijma", 
                "9845 36"
            ], 
            [
                "Herbert Silvis Cividjian", 
                "1544 84"
            ], 
            [
                "Natalia Kielmann", 
                "646 21"
            ]
        ]
    }, 
    "2002": {
        "I": [
            [
                "Eline van Steen", 
                "7817 11"
            ], 
            [
                "Andy van Steen", 
                "9212 51"
            ], 
            [
                "Frank van Zeist", 
                "233 27"
            ], 
            [
                "Rene Swarttouw", 
                "5695 68"
            ], 
            [
                "Wan Bos", 
                "7039 29"
            ], 
            [
                "Eline van der Ploeg", 
                "4410 99"
            ], 
            [
                "Wartie van der Ploeg", 
                "2526 20"
            ], 
            [
                "Sven Bos", 
                "4694 98"
            ], 
            [
                "Wartie Swarttouw", 
                "5371 70"
            ], 
            [
                "Thilo van Zeist", 
                "10009 77"
            ], 
            [
                "Guillaume Fokkink", 
                "4125 86"
            ], 
            [
                "Atze Bos", 
                "4227 97"
            ], 
            [
                "Pieter Silvis Cividjian", 
                "9491 15"
            ], 
            [
                "Sven Evers", 
                "6994 41"
            ]
        ], 
        "=AI": [
            [
                "Matty van Steen", 
                "9702 40"
            ], 
            [
                "Thilo Silvis Cividjian", 
                "5553 42"
            ], 
            [
                "Herbert van Raamsdonk", 
                "6867 90"
            ], 
            [
                "Wartie Evers", 
                "2086 81"
            ], 
            [
                "Jan Willem Bos", 
                "1566 92"
            ], 
            [
                "Maarten van Mantgem", 
                "8960 92"
            ], 
            [
                "Sven van Zeist", 
                "8629 74"
            ], 
            [
                "Matty van Raamsdonk", 
                "496 41"
            ], 
            [
                "Willem Jan Evers", 
                "1853 11"
            ], 
            [
                "Guillaume van Zeist", 
                "9729 62"
            ], 
            [
                "Maarten Klop", 
                "8653 74"
            ], 
            [
                "Henri van der Ploeg", 
                "6755 39"
            ]
        ], 
        "=W": [
            [
                "Herbert Kielmann", 
                "2135 99"
            ], 
            [
                "Andy van Mantgem", 
                "8033 49"
            ], 
            [
                "Guillaume Gude", 
                "5356 52"
            ], 
            [
                "Herbert Bos", 
                "1435 47"
            ], 
            [
                "Pieter Gude", 
                "9460 36"
            ], 
            [
                "Jan Willem van der Ploeg", 
                "8403 25"
            ], 
            [
                "Wan van Mantgem", 
                "9672 68"
            ]
        ], 

以下是打印姓名和分数的方法:

for year in data.values() :
    for subject in year.values() :
        for student in subject :
            print student[0], student[1].split()[1]  # only the last number