python - 有没有办法让我的 blit 在第一次迭代后重复自身？

Question

如果任何对 pygames 有基本了解的人可以帮助我解决我目前面临的问题，那就太好了。对于你们这些绝对的神来说，应该不会太难。

我现在的代码遇到了问题。

我正在尝试制作一个简单的游戏，其中程序显示一个随机字母，用户必须在该字母到达页面底部之前输入该字母。

我有在随机列中显示随机字母的代码，但是，一旦字母到达底部，我只能让程序打印“结束”，然后退出程序。

我无法理解如何进一步开发代码。这是现在的代码:

import os                                                           # 
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_WINDOW_POS'] = "%d,%d" % (1335,330)           # sets the coordinates so that the window pops up in the lower right side of the screen (1600x900 screen)

import pygame                                                       # pygame is the platform im using
import random                                                       # random needs to be imported for the random letters and columns
pygame.init()                                                       # initializes pygame

win = pygame.display.set_mode((260, 527))                           # size of the window ,screenwidth = 260, screenheight = 527

pygame.display.set_caption("Daveypoo is King")                      # title of the window

clock = pygame.time.Clock()                                         # used for frame rate

bg = pygame.image.load('phone3cropped.jpg')                         # background picture upload

qp = pygame.image.load('q.png')                                     # uploads pictures of the letters (use paint, 50x50 pixels, black, 1 pixel outline, font = 36)
wp = pygame.image.load('w.png')                                     # ^
ep = pygame.image.load('e.png')                                     # ^
ap = pygame.image.load('a.png')                                     # ^
sp = pygame.image.load('s.png')                                     # ^
dp = pygame.image.load('d.png')                                     # ^
jp = pygame.image.load('j.png')                                     # ^
kp = pygame.image.load('k.png')                                     # ^
lp = pygame.image.load('l.png')                                     # ^

letterlist = [qp,wp,ep,ap,sp,dp,jp,kp,lp]                           # creates a list of letter images
randletter = random.choice(letterlist)                              # randomizes the list of images^

class player():                                                     # creates letter instance
    def __init__(self, x,y,width,height,end):                       # initializes the list
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height 
        self.path = [self.y, 415]                                   # creates the path that the letters will travel
        self.vel = 1                                                # this is where the velocity of the letters is set                                
        self.hitbox = (self.x, self.y, 50, 50)                      # creates the hitbox for the letter pictures (no need to change for now -- 50x50 is good)

    def move(self, win):                                            # creates the movement for the letters
        if self.vel > 0:                                            
            if self.y + self.vel < self.path[1] :                   # if the bottom of the letter is less than the end, then:
                self.y += self.vel                                  # keep going
            else:                                                   # if not:
                self.vel = 0                                        # stop moving
        else:                                                       # if the bottom of the letter is at the end, then
            print('end')
            quit()
            #redrawGameWindow()
                                                                    # this is where the action to make a new letter has to go


class greenzone(object):                                            # creates the zone (greenzone) where the player should get the letter in
    def __init__(self,x,y,width,height):                            # initializes it
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.hitbox = (16, 342, 228, 66)                            # first two letters are top left (x,y) coordinate of the zone, next is width, next is height

    # def hit(self):
        # print('hit')

def redrawGameWindow():
    win.blit(bg, (0,0))                                             # diplays the background image, coordinates of top left 
    win.blit(randletter, pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height))) # displays the letters going down the page (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height)
    # win.blit(randletter, pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height)))
    letters.move(win)                                              # calls upon the movement of the letters -- makes them move
    # for letter in letters:
        # letter.draw(win)

    #pygame.draw.rect(win, (255,0,0), (16, 342, 228, 66), 2)        # this shows the hitbox of the greenzone if needed
    pygame.display.update()                                         # idk what this does -- but it is needed

### mainloop
abc_list = [27,106,185]                                             # this is the list of the starting positions of the letters (top left)
rand = random.choice(abc_list)                                      # takes a random starting position of the letters 
letters = player(rand,56,50,50,415)                                 # instances the letters to start 
#letters = []                                                        # apparently creates a list of the the letters -- used to initialize and create new letters 
target = greenzone(18,343,228,67)                                   # sets the hitbox of the greenzone 

run = True
while run:

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False
            exit()

    # for letter in letters:
        # if letter.x < 500 and letter.x > 0:
            # letter.x += letter.vel
        # else:
            # letters.pop(letters.index(letter))

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

    if keys[pygame.K_q] and randletter == qp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_w] and randletter == wp:            
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_e] and randletter == ep:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_a] and randletter == ap:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_s] and randletter == sp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_d] and randletter == dp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_j] and randletter == jp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_k] and randletter == kp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    if keys[pygame.K_l] and randletter == lp:
        if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
        else:
            print('fail')

    redrawGameWindow()


pygame.quit()

我知道这是很多代码，我尝试添加尽可能多的注释，以帮助阅读本文的人理解我的心态。

对此的任何和所有帮助都会很棒。我知道我做错了很多——我几天前才开始这样做。感谢您的任何意见，非常感谢!!

Answer 1

根据您提供的其他信息:

My main/overall problem that I am facing is that once the letter doeshit the bottom, I want it to re-do the "iteration" of making a newrandom letter in a new column, and keep on repeating. Eventually, Iwant the program to only allow 5 "lives", and if they mess up morethan 5 times, they either get the option to restart or quit theprogram.

Along with that, my future aspirations for this code is to allow the user to select the speed and letter combinations that appear onthe screen. But I personally believe that I would be able to code thatonce I have the overall code repeat itself (like I just describedabove)

我必须将碰撞检测算法移出按键部分。我还清理了代码，将每个部分分成自己的函数。我对类还不太熟悉，所以我不知道用 target = greenzone(..) 做什么 - 这也可能是我大量使用 global 的原因

update()、init()、main() 都很简单。 dropLetter() 是您正在寻找的函数。在 updateInput() 中，randLetterIndex 用于更有效地检查按下的键是否是您需要的，我仍然对 Python 没有 switch() 语句感到震惊，所以这就是我想出的方法来解决这个问题。 checkCollision() - 我试图保留它，因为我不确定你将来对这个游戏的计划。我确实在 else 语句中添加了很多内容，包括将 quit() 语句移至此处

import os                                                           # 
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_WINDOW_POS'] = "%d,%d" % (1335,330)           # sets the coordinates so that the window pops up in the lower right side of the screen (1600x900 screen)

import pygame                                                       # pygame is the platform im using
import random                                                       # random needs to be imported for the random letters and columns
pygame.init()                                                       # initializes pygame

win = pygame.display.set_mode((260, 527))                           # size of the window ,screenwidth = 260, screenheight = 527

pygame.display.set_caption("Daveypoo is King")                      # title of the window

clock = pygame.time.Clock()                                         # used for frame rate

bg = pygame.image.load('phone3cropped.jpg')                         # background picture upload

qp = pygame.image.load('q.png')                                     # uploads pictures of the letters (use paint, 50x50 pixels, black, 1 pixel outline, font = 36)
wp = pygame.image.load('w.png')                                     # ^
ep = pygame.image.load('e.png')                                     # ^
ap = pygame.image.load('a.png')                                     # ^
sp = pygame.image.load('s.png')                                     # ^
dp = pygame.image.load('d.png')                                     # ^
jp = pygame.image.load('j.png')                                     # ^
kp = pygame.image.load('k.png')                                     # ^
lp = pygame.image.load('l.png')                                     # ^

letterlist = [qp,wp,ep,ap,sp,dp,jp,kp,lp]                           # creates a list of letter images
pygameKeyList = [pygame.K_q, pygame.K_w, pygame.K_e, pygame.K_a, pygame.K_s, pygame.K_d, pygame.K_j, pygame.K_k, pygame.K_l]
random.seed()                                                  # seed the RNG
abc_list = [27,106,185]                                             # this is the list of the starting positions of the letters (top left)
lives = 5                                                      # 5 lives to start
userPressingKey = False                                        # if user is currenlty pressing the key of the currently chosen letter
run = False

class player():                                                     # creates letter instance
    def __init__(self, x,y,width,height,end):                       # initializes the list
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height 
        self.path = [self.y, 415]                                   # creates the path that the letters will travel
        self.vel = 1                                                # this is where the velocity of the letters is set                                
        self.hitbox = (self.x, self.y, 50, 50)                      # creates the hitbox for the letter pictures (no need to change for now -- 50x50 is good)

    def move(self, win):                                            # creates the movement for the letters
        if self.vel > 0:                                            
            if self.y + self.vel < self.path[1] :                   # if the bottom of the letter is less than the end, then:
                self.y += self.vel                                  # keep going
            else:                                                   # if not:
                self.vel = 0                                        # stop moving
#        else:                                                       # if the bottom of the letter is at the end, then
#            print('end')
#            quit()
            #redrawGameWindow()
                                                                    # this is where the action to make a new letter has to go


class greenzone(object):                                            # creates the zone (greenzone) where the player should get the letter in
    def __init__(self,x,y,width,height):                            # initializes it
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.hitbox = (16, 342, 228, 66)                            # first two letters are top left (x,y) coordinate of the zone, next is width, next is height

    # def hit(self):
        # print('hit')

def redrawGameWindow():
    win.blit(bg, (0,0))                                             # diplays the background image, coordinates of top left 
    win.blit(letterlist[randLetterIndex], pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height))) # displays the letters going down the page (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height)
    # win.blit(randletter, pygame.draw.rect(win, (255, 255, 255), (letters.x, letters.y, letters.width, letters.height)))
    letters.move(win)                                              # calls upon the movement of the letters -- makes them move
    # for letter in letters:
        # letter.draw(win)

    #pygame.draw.rect(win, (255,0,0), (16, 342, 228, 66), 2)        # this shows the hitbox of the greenzone if needed
    pygame.display.update()                                         # idk what this does -- but it is needed

def dropLetter():
    #global randletter
    global letters, rand, randLetterIndex
    randLetterIndex = random.randrange(0,len(letterlist))
#    randletter = letterlist[randLetterIndex]                              # randomizes the list of images^
    rand = random.choice(abc_list)                                      # takes a random starting position of the letters 
    letters = player(rand,56,50,50,415)                                 # instances the letters to start 
    #letters = []                                                        # apparently creates a list of the the letters -- used to initialize and create new letters 

def checkCollision():
    global run, lives
    if letters.y < target.hitbox[1] + target.hitbox[3]:    
        if userPressingKey:
            if letters.y + letters.height > target.hitbox[1]:            
                print('hit')
            else:
                print('fail')
    else:
        print('fail hard')
        lives -= 1
        print("lives:",lives)
        if(lives <= 0):
            print('end')
            run = False
            quit()
        dropLetter()

def updateInput():
    global userPressingKey

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

    if(keys[pygameKeyList[randLetterIndex]]):
        userPressingKey = True
    else:
        userPressingKey = False


    # if keys[pygame.K_q] and randletter == qp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_w] and randletter == wp:            
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_e] and randletter == ep:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_a] and randletter == ap:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_s] and randletter == sp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_d] and randletter == dp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_j] and randletter == jp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_k] and randletter == kp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # if keys[pygame.K_l] and randletter == lp:
    #     checkCollision()

    # for letter in letters:
        # if letter.x < 500 and letter.x > 0:
            # letter.x += letter.vel
        # else:
            # letters.pop(letters.index(letter))


def update():
    updateInput()
    checkCollision()

def init():
    dropLetter()

def main():
    global run
    init()

    ### mainloop
    run = True
    while run:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                run = False
                exit()
        update()
        redrawGameWindow()
        clock.tick(144)


target = greenzone(18,343,228,67)                                   # sets the hitbox of the greenzone 
main()
pygame.quit()