Java + Selenium : How to know if WebElement is clickable in a way other than isDisplayed, isEnabled 和 findElement？

Question

我知道 WebElement 可点击的测试普遍情况:

用这样的方式测试它:

public static boolean isElementFoundDisplayedEnabled(WebDriver driver, String accessor){

        return driver.findElements(By.xpath(accessor)).size() > 0 && driver.findElement(By.xpath(accessor)).isDisplayed() && driver.findElement(By.xpath(accessor)).isEnabled();
        //isDisplayed(): method avoids the problem of having to parse an element's "style" attribute to check hidden/visible. False when element is not present
        //isEnabled(): generally return true for everything but disabled input elements.
    }

此函数有缺陷，它仅检查元素是否在 DOM 级别可点击，但如果由于某些 css 困惑，元素被隐藏/重叠，则可以得到异常:

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Element is not clickable at point (781, 704). Other element would receive the click:

...

在这种情况下，仍然可以使用以下方法单击该元素:

// Assume driver is a valid WebDriver instance that
// has been properly instantiated elsewhere.
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("gbqfd"));
JavascriptExecutor executor = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;
executor.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element);

但是，我很想知道，我们如何在不点击 executor.executeScript 的情况下检查 WebElement 是否被其他元素隐藏/重叠并且完全可点击。

有人可以透露一些信息吗，我已经对这些进行了几个小时的研究，但一无所获。

Answer 1

我不太喜欢创建像这样处理所有点击等的函数，但如果我被迫编写一个函数，它看起来会像这样。里面的评论解释了发生了什么。

public static void clickElement(By locator) throws InterruptedException
{
    try
    {
        // first we try the standard wait for element to be clickable and click it
        new WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(locator)).click();
    }
    catch (TimeoutException e)
    {
        // element never becomes present
    }
    catch (WebDriverException e)
    {
        // click is blocked by another element, retry for 10 seconds
        while (true)
        {
            Instant timeOut = Instant.now().plusSeconds(10);
            try
            {
                driver.findElement(locator).click();
                break;
            }
            catch (WebDriverException e2)
            {
                // ignore additional blocked click exceptions
            }

            if (Instant.now().isAfter(timeOut))
            {
                // element is still blocked after retries for 10 seconds, fallback to JSE click
                ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].click();", driver.findElement(locator));
            }

            // slight pause between loops
            Thread.sleep(100);
        }
    }
}

---

关于您的功能的一些反馈...您应该传递 By 实例而不是字符串，例如

By locator = By.id("myId");

这样您的函数就可以更加灵活，并且不会仅硬编码为 XPath。此外，您正在使用您的功能抓取页面 3 次。抓取页面一次，然后使用存储的元素进行可见和启用的检查，例如

public static boolean isElementFoundDisplayedEnabled(WebDriver driver, By locator)
{
    List<WebElement> e = driver.findElements(locator);

    return !e.isEmpty() && e.get(0).isDisplayed() && e.get(0).isEnabled();
}