python - Tkinter turtle 和线程

Question

世界!在 python 中的 turtle 图形中，可以创建各种 Turtle 对象并用它们的方法操作它们，向前，向后......我想尝试线程，所以我编写了一个名为 MyTurtleManipulator 的线程类。

from threading import Thread
from cTurtle import Turtle 
import random

class MyTurtleManipulator(Thread):
  def __init__(self, turtle):
    Thread.__init__(self)
    self.turtle=turtle
  def run(self):
    actions=[Turtle.forward, Turtle.right, Turtle.left]    
    while True:      
      action=random.choice(actions)      
      action(self.turtle, random.randint(1,25))

turtles=[Turtle() for i in range(5)]
threads=[MyTurtleManipulator(turtle) for turtle in turtles]

for thread in threads:
  print(thread)
  thread.start()

通过实验，我希望看到所有 turtle “同时”且随机地移动，但是当我运行程序时，我收到以下错误:

<MyTurtleManipulator(Thread-1, initial)>
<MyTurtleManipulator(Thread-2, initial)>
<MyTurtleManipulator(Thread-3, initial)>
<MyTurtleManipulator(Thread-4, initial)>
<MyTurtleManipulator(Thread-5, initial)>
>>> Exception in thread Thread-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/threading.py", line 516, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/home/rfrm/test.py", line 13, in run
    action(self.turtle, random.randint(1,25))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 1162, in forward
    checkargs((int, float))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 1131, in _go
    ende = self._position + self._orient * distance
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 2266, in _goto
    (start, self._position),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 419, in _drawline
    cl.append(-y)
  File "<string>", line 1, in coords
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2123, in coords
    self.tk.call((self._w, 'coords') + args)))
RuntimeError: main thread is not in main loop

Exception in thread Thread-2:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/threading.py", line 516, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/home/rfrm/test.py", line 13, in run
    action(self.turtle, random.randint(1,25))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 1203, in right
    checkargs((int, float))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 2300, in _rotate
    self._orient = self._orient.rotate(delta)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 2085, in _update
    for t in screen._turtles:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 2219, in _drawturtle
    screen._drawpoly(titem, shape, fill=fc, outline=oc,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 384, in _drawpoly
    cl.append(-y)
  File "<string>", line 1, in coords
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2123, in coords
    self.tk.call((self._w, 'coords') + args)))
RuntimeError: main thread is not in main loop

Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/threading.py", line 516, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/home/rfrm/test.py", line 13, in run
    action(self.turtle, random.randint(1,25))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 1162, in forward
    checkargs((int, float))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 1131, in _go
    ende = self._position + self._orient * distance
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 2270, in _goto
    screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, ((0, 0), (0, 0)),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 419, in _drawline
    cl.append(-y)
  File "<string>", line 1, in coords
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2123, in coords
    self.tk.call((self._w, 'coords') + args)))
RuntimeError: main thread is not in main loop

Exception in thread Thread-4:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/threading.py", line 516, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/home/rfrm/test.py", line 13, in run
    action(self.turtle, random.randint(1,25))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 1162, in forward
    checkargs((int, float))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 1131, in _go
    ende = self._position + self._orient * distance
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 2270, in _goto
    screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, ((0, 0), (0, 0)),
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 419, in _drawline
    cl.append(-y)
  File "<string>", line 1, in coords
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2123, in coords
    self.tk.call((self._w, 'coords') + args)))
RuntimeError: main thread is not in main loop

Exception in thread Thread-5:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/threading.py", line 516, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/home/rfrm/test.py", line 13, in run
    action(self.turtle, random.randint(1,25))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 1203, in right
    checkargs((int, float))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 2300, in _rotate
    self._orient = self._orient.rotate(delta)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 2085, in _update
    for t in screen._turtles:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 2219, in _drawturtle
    screen._drawpoly(titem, shape, fill=fc, outline=oc,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/cTurtle.py", line 384, in _drawpoly
    cl.append(-y)
  File "<string>", line 1, in coords
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/tkinter/__init__.py", line 2123, in coords
    self.tk.call((self._w, 'coords') + args)))
RuntimeError: main thread is not in main loop

这是什么意思，“主线程不在主循环中”是什么意思。感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

这似乎是 python/tkinter 的限制 as described here 、 turtle 和线程不是 friend