python - 如何动态加载和卸载 Python 模块、反汇编和检查它，但不执行初始化代码或将其添加到 sys.modules 中？

Question

我正在尝试将 Python 模块反汇编为字节码。

我必须静态或动态导入 Python 模块才能反汇编或检查它吗？如果没有，有什么(Pythonic，可移植的)方法可以做到这一点？

我愿意:

1. 在运行时将可用的 Python 模块的二进制数据加载到内存中:
   1. 它不会在 sys.modules 中显示为可用模块。
   2. 我不想执行模块的任何 __init__ 代码，或将其添加到任何命名空间。
   3. 加载模块不应该有其他副作用。就对于解释器而言，它应该只是要检查的一团数据。
2. 反汇编或以其他方式检查模块的类、函数或数据。
3. 根据需要卸载模块。

我进行了搜索，发现了许多动态模块导入的方法(其具有执行模块 __init__ 代码或其他内联代码并插入到 sys.modules 的副作用)。但我宁愿不处理这些副作用。

这可能吗？如果是这样，什么方法最可移植/Pythonic？

Answer 1

我对此进行了一些研究，一个可能的解决方案是使用 pyclbr模块。对它的检查会查看有关类和函数的基本信息，并将其加载到字典中以便于访问。这是一个示例运行:

>>> import pyclbr
>>> import sys
>>> info = pyclbr.readmodule_ex('inspect')
>>> info
{'formatargvalues': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28e50>, 'walktree': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28b50>, 'getinnerframes': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e29050>, 'indentsize': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28710>, 'getmodulename': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28850>, 'formatannotation': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28d50>, 'ismemberdescriptor': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e283d0>, 'iscode': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28550>, 'getsource': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28b10>, 'formatargspec': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28dd0>, 'getabsfile': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e288d0>, 'getsourcelines': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28ad0>, '_getfullargs': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28c10>, 'isabstract': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28610>, 'isbuiltin': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28590>, 'getlineno': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28f10>, 'getcomments': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28990>, 'getgeneratorstate': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e293d0>, 'getattr_static': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e29390>, 'getframeinfo': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28ed0>, 'isgenerator': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28490>, '_static_getmro': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e29190>, 'isframe': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28510>, 'getouterframes': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28f90>, 'getclasstree': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28b90>, 'getfile': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e287d0>, '_shadowed_dict': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e29310>, 'getargvalues': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28d10>, 'getmembers': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28650>, 'BlockFinder': <pyclbr.Class object at 0x5083e28a10>, 'isfunction': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28390>, 'getargspec': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28c50>, 'currentframe': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e29090>, 'namedtuple': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e1b150>, 'getmoduleinfo': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28810>, 'trace': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e29110>, 'isclass': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083db8950>, '_is_type': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e29290>, 'getcallargs': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28e90>, 'ismethoddescriptor': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28310>, 'isgeneratorfunction': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28450>, 'isroutine': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e285d0>, 'getfullargspec': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28cd0>, 'getmro': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e286d0>, 'getargs': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28bd0>, 'stack': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e290d0>, 'getdoc': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28750>, 'findsource': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28950>, 'cleandoc': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28790>, '_check_class': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e29250>, '_check_instance': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e29210>, 'classify_class_attrs': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28690>, 'ismodule': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083db8910>, 'EndOfBlock': <pyclbr.Class object at 0x5083e289d0>, 'isdatadescriptor': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28350>, 'getmodule': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28910>, 'formatannotationrelativeto': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28d90>, 'getsourcefile': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28890>, 'ismethod': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e282d0>, 'isgetsetdescriptor': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28410>, 'istraceback': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e284d0>, 'getblock': <pyclbr.Function object at 0x5083e28a50>}
>>> sys.modules['inspect']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: 'inspect'

任何更高级的内容，您都必须开始考虑通过 ast module 访问抽象语法树。 .