c# - 游戏滞后(初学者)

Question

我正在创建一个小行星在屏幕上生成并向下移动的游戏。在游戏的更新方法中，我使用随机数来偶尔产生小行星。当我启动它时，它在前 5 秒内开始滞后。我可以看到这一点，因为分数计数器(每刻都上升)开始以 30 为间隔开始。此外，小行星的图像甚至没有显示。

这是游戏对象类:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;  
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Net;  
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Storage;


namespace thedodger
{
public abstract class gameObject
{
    public static Texture2D texture;
    public Rectangle rectangle;

    public abstract void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch);
    public abstract void Update(GameTime gameTime);
}
} 

这里是小行星类；

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Net;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Storage;

namespace thedodger
{
public class Asteroid : gameObject
{
    Random rand = new Random(1);
    int yPos = -10;

    public override void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch)
    {
        spriteBatch.Begin();
        spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Rectangle(rand.Next(32,400),      yPos,32,32),Color.White);
        spriteBatch.End();

    }

    public override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
    {
        yPos--;


    }
}
}

这是 game1 类:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Net;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Storage;

namespace thedodger
{
/// <summary>
/// This is the main type for your game
/// </summary>
public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
    GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
    SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
    int scorevalue = 0;
    SpriteFont font;
    player player1 = new player();
    List<gameObject> objectList = new List<gameObject>();
    Random rand = new Random(1);
    Asteroid asteroid = new Asteroid();


    public Game1()
    {
        graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
        Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run.
    /// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic
    /// related content.  Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components
    /// and initialize them as well.
    /// </summary>
    protected override void Initialize()
    {
        // TODO: Add your initialization logic here

        base.Initialize();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load
    /// all of your content.
    /// </summary>
    protected override void LoadContent()
    {
        // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures.
        spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
        font = Content.Load<SpriteFont>("font");
        //player1.image = Content.Load<Texture2D>("EnemyShip005.png");
        gameObject.texture = Content.Load<Texture2D>("asteroid");

        // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload
    /// all content.
    /// </summary>
    protected override void UnloadContent()
    {
        // TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world,
    /// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
    protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
    {
        scorevalue++;

        if (rand.Next(0, 8) == 2)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
            {

                objectList.Add(asteroid);


            }
        }

        foreach (Asteroid asteroid in objectList)
        {
            asteroid.Update(gameTime);
            asteroid.Draw(spriteBatch);
        }



        // Allows the game to exit
        if (GamePad.GetState(PlayerIndex.One).Buttons.Back == ButtonState.Pressed)
            this.Exit();

        // TODO: Add your update logic here

        base.Update(gameTime);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// This is called when the game should draw itself.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
    protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
    {
        GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

        // TODO: Add your drawing code here
         spriteBatch.Begin();
         spriteBatch.DrawString(font, "Score: " + scorevalue, new Vector2(5, 5), Color.White);
         spriteBatch.End();



        base.Draw(gameTime);
    }
}
}

所有帮助将不胜感激。对不起代码。我很难设置它。也请帮忙。

Answer 1

正如 Tobias 所说，您可能应该将它放在 Game Dev 站点上，并且您似乎只实例化了一个 Asteroid。在 Game1 对象中，您声明并实例化了一个 Asteroid 对象。然后在 Update 方法中将其重复添加到 objectList。为了得到我认为你想要的，你应该改变

Asteroid asteroid = new Asteroid();

到

Asteroid asteroid;

然后改变

for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
{
    objectList.Add(asteroid);
}

到

for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
{
    asteroid = new Asteroid();
    objectList.Add(asteroid);
}

在您的原始代码中，您将 asteroid 声明并实例化为特定的 Asteroid，但之后永远不会更改它。因此，在整个程序中，asteroid 都指向 Asteroid 的一个特定实例。然后，您将 asteroid 重复添加到 objectList。因此，在每一帧之后，将向 objectList 以及 Update() 和 Draw 添加 30 个对同一 asteroid 对象的新引用() 方法在 asteroid 上被调用，以便在 objectList 中引用它。因此，在 30 帧之后，如果以 30FPS 运行一秒钟，objectList 中将有多达 900 个对同一 asteroid 对象的引用，并且在第 30 帧 asteroid 的 Update() 和 Draw() 方法被调用多达 900 次。我很确定这是你滞后的根源。执行上面给出的更正将导致 objectList 填充多达 900 个不同 Asteroid，但肯定也会遇到延迟。您还需要做的是在任何给定时间对屏幕上的小行星数量添加限制(objectList 的长度只能是 x 数量)和/或降低每次创建的小行星数量时间。我会建议类似

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
    if (objectList.Count < 50) // Maximum asteroids on screen
    {
        asteroid = new Asteroid();
        objectList.Add(asteroid);
    }
}

在一段时间内只会产生 5 颗新小行星，在任何给定时间最多会产生 50 颗。如果您添加了摧毁小行星的功能，则必须记住将它们从 objectList 中移除。

编辑 - 正如 Neomex 所说，您的绘图也是一个问题。我建议在此处查看 GDC 2008 关于 XNA 框架性能的演讲:http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?displaylang=en&id=6082它非常简要地介绍了一些绘图和计算性能以及您应该/不应该做的事情。

EDIT2- 实际上，由于您的随机概率，最多 900 个对象引用和调用，而不是完整的 900 个。