ruby-on-rails - Ruby on Rails 捆绑命令不起作用

Question

突然之间，我无法再在我的项目中运行 bundle 命令。我正在使用 Ubuntu 进行开发，并遵循有关如何部署到 Azure 的教程。

当我 cd 到我的项目目录并运行 bundle 时，我收到以下消息:-

Unfortunately, a fatal error has occurred. Please see the Bundler
troubleshooting documentation at http://bit.ly/bundler-issues. Thanks!
/usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/fileutils.rb:250:in `mkdir': Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/extensions/x86-linux/2.1.0/kgio-2.9.2 (Errno::EACCES)
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/fileutils.rb:250:in `fu_mkdir'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/fileutils.rb:224:in `block (2 levels) in mkdir_p'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/fileutils.rb:222:in `reverse_each'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/fileutils.rb:222:in `block in mkdir_p'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/fileutils.rb:208:in `each'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/fileutils.rb:208:in `mkdir_p'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:210:in `write_gem_make_out'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:132:in `build_error'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:171:in `rescue in build_extension'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:156:in `build_extension'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:198:in `block in build_extensions'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:195:in `each'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:195:in `build_extensions'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1436:in `block in build_extensions'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/user_interaction.rb:45:in `use_ui'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1434:in `build_extensions'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/stub_specification.rb:60:in `build_extensions'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/basic_specification.rb:56:in `contains_requirable_file?'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/specification.rb:925:in `block in find_inactive_by_path'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/specification.rb:924:in `each'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/specification.rb:924:in `find'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/specification.rb:924:in `find_inactive_by_path'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems.rb:185:in `try_activate'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:132:in `rescue in require'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:144:in `require'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/net/http/persistent.rb:12:in `<top (required)>'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/vendored_persistent.rb:7:in `<top (required)>'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/fetcher.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/cli.rb:239:in `install'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/thor/invocation.rb:121:in `invoke_command'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/thor.rb:363:in `dispatch'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/thor/base.rb:440:in `start'
    from /usr/bin/bundle:20:in `block in <main>'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/bundler/friendly_errors.rb:3:in `with_friendly_errors'
    from /usr/bin/bundle:20:in `<main>'

我有点不知所措。有谁知道我做了什么来破坏它或如何修复它

Answer 1

正如您从堆栈跟踪中看到的那样，

/usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/fileutils.rb:250:in `mkdir': 
  Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - 
  /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/extensions/x86-linux/2.1.0/kgio-2.9.2 (Errno::EACCES)
    ...
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/fileutils.rb:208:in `mkdir_p'
    ...

bundler 正在尝试创建目录:/var/lib/gems/2.1.0/extensions/x86-linux/2.1.0/kgio-2.9.2。它使用的是 mkdir -p 的等价物，它将“根据需要创建中间目录”。 (参见 man mkdir)。因此，您需要获得创建该目录的权限。

如果您不熟悉 unix 权限，则必须阅读一些内容，例如https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system_permissions#Traditional_Unix_permissions

一些有用的工具包括 cd、ls -l、chown 和 chmod。在阅读它们的手册之前不要使用它们，尤其是 chown 和 chmod。