Python turtle 图

Question

任何人都可以帮我清理我的图表吗？当我绘制 y 轴时，我希望将整数四舍五入到最接近的百分位。另外，在每个条形下我需要标记“a”-“z”:总共 26 个条形:

def letterFreqPlot(freqList):    
    border = 5
    t = turtle.Turtle()
    t.pensize(3)
    screen = t.getscreen()
    maxheight = max(freqList)
    numbers = len(freqList)
    screen.setworldcoordinates(0-border,-.05,numbers+1,maxheight+.1)
    t.goto(0,0)
    t.hideturtle()
    t.speed(0)
    t.lt(90)
    t.fd(maxheight)
    t.fd(-maxheight)
    t.right(90)
    for item in freqList:
        t.fillcolor("blue")
        t.begin_fill()
        for dist in [1, item, 1, item]:           
            t.fd(dist)
            t.lt(90)
        t.fd(1)
        t.end_fill()
    t.goto(0,0)
    t.lt(90)
    for i in freqList:
        t.fd(i)
        t.lt(90)
        t.fd(3)
        t.write(float(i))
        t.fd(-3)
        t.rt(90)
        t.fd(-i)
    print('Click to exit')
    screen.exitonclick()
freqList = letterFreq(words)
letterFreqPlot(freqList)

频率列表:

[0.09090909090909091, 0.0, 0.0, 0.09090909090909091, 0.18181818181818182, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.045454545454545456, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.045454545454545456, 0.18181818181818182, 0.045454545454545456, 0.09090909090909091, 0.045454545454545456, 0.0, 0.045454545454545456, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]

Answer 1

下面是我尝试将您想要的功能添加到图表中以及稍微优化绘图代码并添加功能:

from turtle import Turtle, Screen

BORDER = 5
FONT = ("Arial", 12, "normal")
FLOAT_FORMAT = "0.2f"
PENSIZE = 3

def letterFrequency(string):
    counter = dict()

    length = ord('z') - ord('a') + 1

    for ordinal in range(length):
        counter[chr(ordinal + ord('a'))] = 0

    count = 0

    for character in string:
        if character.isalpha():
            counter[character] += 1
            count += 1

    return [counter[key] / count for key in sorted(counter)]


def letterFreqPlot(turtle, canvas, string):

    turtle.pensize(PENSIZE)

    frequencyList = letterFrequency(string)

    maxheight = max(frequencyList)
    numbers = len(frequencyList)

    canvas.setworldcoordinates(-BORDER, -.05, numbers + 1, maxheight + 0.1)

    turtle.hideturtle()

    for frequency in sorted(set(frequencyList)):
        turtle.penup()
        turtle.home()
        turtle.lt(90)
        turtle.pendown()
        turtle.forward(frequency)
        turtle.left(90)
        turtle.forward(3)
        turtle.write(format(frequency, FLOAT_FORMAT), font=FONT)

    turtle.penup()
    turtle.home()
    turtle.sety(-0.0125)

    for i, frequency in enumerate(frequencyList):
        turtle.forward(0.5)
        turtle.write(chr(ord('a') + i), font=FONT)
        turtle.forward(0.5)

    turtle.home()
    turtle.goto(len(frequencyList) / 2, -0.025)
    turtle.write(string, align="center", font=FONT)

    turtle.home()
    turtle.fillcolor("blue")
    turtle.pendown()

    for frequency in frequencyList:
        if frequency > 0.0:
            turtle.begin_fill()
            for distance in [1, frequency] * 2:
                turtle.forward(distance)
                turtle.left(90)
            turtle.end_fill()
        turtle.forward(1)


yertle = Turtle()
yertle.speed("fastest")

screen = Screen()

letterFreqPlot(yertle, screen, "an opportunity to teach is an opportunity to learn")

screen.exitonclick()

我没有让绘图代码回溯那么多，而是使用turtle.home()来重置起点和方向。为了好玩，我还添加了对您的 letterFrequency() 代码的简单模拟。我收集了许多常量，但沿着这些思路还有更多工作要做。

顺便说一句，你的例子是我见过的 setworldcooperatives() 最好的例子之一。