python - 向顶部/向下射击器添加滚动功能-6ren

python - 向顶部/向下射击器添加滚动功能

转载作者：太空宇宙更新时间：2023-11-03 17:17:34

我正在尝试按照“Raiden 2”的风格创建自上而下的拍摄，但在添加滚动 map 时遇到问题。当我添加矩形 map 并合并相机类时，相机不会将船舶放置在 map 的底部，允许船舶飞到 map 的下半部分，或将船舶保持在屏幕中间。

我希望将船放置在 map 的底部，并且相机缓慢向上滚动，使船保持在同一位置。

这是游戏的简化版本，您可以在屏幕上控制一艘船:

import sys, pygame, os, math

# Force static position of screen
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_CENTERED'] = '1'

# Constants
LEFT = 'left'
RIGHT = 'right'

BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GRAY = (70, 70, 70)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

WIN_W = 500
WIN_H = 800

SHIP_WIDTH = WIN_W/15
SHIP_HEIGHT = WIN_H/15


class Entity(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)


class Ship(Entity):
    def __init__(self, container):
        Entity.__init__(self)
        self.speed = 5
        self.image = pygame.Surface((SHIP_WIDTH, SHIP_HEIGHT)).convert()
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.centerx = container.centerx
        self.rect.y = container.centery

    def update(self):
        key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if key[pygame.K_w]:
            self.rect.centery -= self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_s]:
            self.rect.centery += self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_d]:
            self.rect.centerx += self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_a]:
            self.rect.centerx -= self.speed

        # Ship Movement Boundaries
        if self.rect.y < 0:
            self.rect.y = 0
        if self.rect.y > WIN_H - SHIP_HEIGHT:
            self.rect.y = WIN_H - SHIP_HEIGHT
        if self.rect.x < 0:
            self.rect.x = 0
        if self.rect.x > WIN_W - SHIP_WIDTH:
            self.rect.x = WIN_W - SHIP_WIDTH


def main():
    # Initialize Everything
    pygame.init()
    fps = 60
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    play = True
    pygame.display.set_caption('Raiden')
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIN_W, WIN_H), pygame.SRCALPHA)

    # Create Groups
    shipGroup = pygame.sprite.Group()

    # Create Game Objects
    ship = Ship(pygame.rect.Rect(0, 0, WIN_W, WIN_H))

    # Add Game Objects to Groups
    shipGroup.add(ship)

    # Gameplay
    while play:
        # Checks if window exit button pressed
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()

        # Update
        ship.update()


        # Print Background/Sprites
        screen.fill(WHITE)
        shipGroup.draw(screen)

        # Limits frames per iteration of while loop
        clock.tick(fps)
        # Writes to main surface
        pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == "__main__":

这就是当我添加带有相机类的矩形 map 时发生的情况，请注意该 map 的右侧有 5 个“平台”，但是游戏不允许您前往 map 的下半部分。

import sys, pygame, os, math

# Force static position of screen
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_CENTERED'] = '1'

# Constants
LEFT = 'left'
RIGHT = 'right'

BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GRAY = (70, 70, 70)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

WIN_W = 500
WIN_H = 800

SHIP_WIDTH = WIN_W/15
SHIP_HEIGHT = WIN_H/15


class Entity(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)


class Ship(Entity):
    def __init__(self, container):
        Entity.__init__(self)
        self.speed = 5
        self.image = pygame.Surface((SHIP_WIDTH, SHIP_HEIGHT)).convert()
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.centerx = container.centerx
        self.rect.y = container.centery

    def update(self):
        key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if key[pygame.K_w]:
            self.rect.centery -= self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_s]:
            self.rect.centery += self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_d]:
            self.rect.centerx += self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_a]:
            self.rect.centerx -= self.speed

        # Ship Movement Boundaries
        if self.rect.y < 0:
            self.rect.y = 0
        if self.rect.y > WIN_H - SHIP_HEIGHT:
            self.rect.y = WIN_H - SHIP_HEIGHT
        if self.rect.x < 0:
            self.rect.x = 0
        if self.rect.x > WIN_W - SHIP_WIDTH:
            self.rect.x = WIN_W - SHIP_WIDTH

class Camera(object):
    def __init__(self, camera_func, width, height):
        self.camera_func = camera_func
        self.state = pygame.Rect(0, 0, width, height)

    def apply(self, target):
        return target.rect.move(self.state.topleft)

    def update(self, target):
        self.state = self.camera_func(self.state, target.rect)


def simple_camera(camera, target_rect):
    l, t, _, _ = target_rect
    _, _, w, h = camera
    return pygame.Rect(-l+WIN_W/2, -t+WIN_H/2, w, h)


def complex_camera(camera, target_rect):
    l, t, _, _ = target_rect
    _, _, w, h = camera
    l, t, _, _ = -l+WIN_W/2, -t+WIN_H/2, w, h

    l = min(0, l)                           # stop scrolling at the left edge
    l = max(-(camera.width-WIN_W), l)   # stop scrolling at the right edge
    t = max(-(camera.height-WIN_H), t) # stop scrolling at the bottom
    t = min(0, t)                           # stop scrolling at the top
    return pygame.Rect(l, t, w, h)


class Platform(Entity):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        Entity.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.Surface((32, 32))
        self.image.convert()
        self.image.fill(GRAY)
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, 32, 32)

    def update(self):
        pass

def main():
    # Initialize Everything
    pygame.init()
    fps = 60
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    play = True
    pygame.display.set_caption('Raiden')
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIN_W, WIN_H), pygame.SRCALPHA)

    # Create Groups
    shipGroup = pygame.sprite.Group()
    backgroundGroup = pygame.sprite.Group()

    # Load Level
    platforms = []
    x = y = 0
    level = [
        "PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",]
    # build the level
    for row in level:
        for col in row:
            if col == "P":
                p = Platform(x, y)
                platforms.append(p)
                backgroundGroup.add(p)
            x += 32
        y += 32
        x = 0

    total_level_width = len(level[0])*32
    total_level_height = len(level)*32

    camera = Camera(complex_camera, total_level_width, total_level_height)


    # Create Game Objects
    ship = Ship(pygame.rect.Rect(0, 0, WIN_W, WIN_H))

    # Add Game Objects to Groups
    shipGroup.add(ship)


    # Gameplay
    while play:
        # Checks if window exit button pressed
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
        camera.update(ship)
        # Update
        ship.update()

        # Print Background/Sprites
        screen.fill(WHITE)

        for e in backgroundGroup:
            screen.blit(e.image, camera.apply(e))

        shipGroup.draw(screen)

        # Limits frames per iteration of while loop
        clock.tick(fps)
        # Writes to main surface
        pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

最佳答案

滚动相机的工作原理是计算 Sprite 的新位置。对于背景图 block ，您可以使用 screen.blit(e.image, camera.apply(e)) ，这可行，但对于船，您只需调用 shipGroup.draw(screen) .

但是shipGroup不知道相机，因此总是将船 Sprite 位在绝对位置，而不是相机类计算的相对位置。

我们可以通过创建一个可以处理相机的 Sprite 组来解决这个问题，例如:

class CameraGroup(pygame.sprite.Group):
    def __init__(self, camera):
        pygame.sprite.Group.__init__(self)
        self.camera = camera

    def draw(self, surface):
        sprites = self.sprites()
        surface_blit = surface.blit
        for spr in sprites:
            self.spritedict[spr] = surface_blit(spr.image, self.camera.apply(spr))
        self.lostsprites = []

并使用它:

...
total_level_width = len(level[0])*32
total_level_height = len(level)*32

# Create Groups
camera = Camera(complex_camera, total_level_width, total_level_height)
shipGroup = CameraGroup(camera)
backgroundGroup = CameraGroup(camera)

# build the level
for row in level:
   ...
...

在你的主循环中:

while play:
    # Checks if window exit button pressed
    for event in pygame.event.get():
         ...

    camera.update(ship)
    # Update
    ship.update()

    # Print Background/Sprites
    screen.fill(WHITE)

    backgroundGroup.draw(screen)
    shipGroup.draw(screen)

    # Limits frames per iteration of while loop
    ...

现在滚动可以工作了。另一个问题是您的 Ship 中的此检查类:

    if self.rect.y > WIN_H - SHIP_HEIGHT:
        self.rect.y = WIN_H - SHIP_HEIGHT

这将防止船舶进一步向下移动 WIN_H ，但你的水平面实际上比屏幕高度还要大。

为了解决这个问题，我们创建了一个 Rect描述整个关卡，并将其传递给 Ship类:

total_rect = pygame.rect.Rect(0, 0, total_level_width, total_level_height)

ship = Ship(total_rect)

然后我们在 Ship 中使用它类从级别的底部开始，我们使用 clamp_ip确保飞船无法离开屏幕:

class Ship(Entity):
    def __init__(self, container):
        Entity.__init__(self)
        self.speed = 5
        self.image = pygame.Surface((SHIP_WIDTH, SHIP_HEIGHT)).convert()
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.centerx = container.centerx
        self.rect.y = container.bottom - self.rect.height * 2
        self.container = container

    def update(self):
        key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if key[pygame.K_w]:
            self.rect.centery -= self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_s]:
            self.rect.centery += self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_d]:
            self.rect.centerx += self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_a]:
            self.rect.centerx -= self.speed

        self.rect.clamp_ip(self.container)

此外，由于您的关卡宽度为 16 block * 32 像素，WIN_W应该是

WIN_W = 16*32

如果您只想垂直滚动，而不想要水平滚动。

完整代码如下:

import sys, pygame, os, math

# Force static position of screen
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_CENTERED'] = '1'

# Constants
LEFT = 'left'
RIGHT = 'right'

BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
GRAY = (70, 70, 70)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

WIN_W = 16*32
WIN_H = 800

SHIP_WIDTH = WIN_W/15
SHIP_HEIGHT = WIN_H/15


class Entity(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)


class Ship(Entity):
    def __init__(self, container):
        Entity.__init__(self)
        self.speed = 5
        self.image = pygame.Surface((SHIP_WIDTH, SHIP_HEIGHT)).convert()
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.centerx = container.centerx
        self.rect.y = container.bottom - self.rect.height * 2
        self.container = container

    def update(self):
        key = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if key[pygame.K_w]:
            self.rect.centery -= self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_s]:
            self.rect.centery += self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_d]:
            self.rect.centerx += self.speed
        if key[pygame.K_a]:
            self.rect.centerx -= self.speed

        self.rect.clamp_ip(self.container)

class Camera(object):
    def __init__(self, camera_func, width, height):
        self.camera_func = camera_func
        self.state = pygame.Rect(0, 0, width, height)

    def apply(self, target):
        return target.rect.move(self.state.topleft)

    def update(self, target):
        self.state = self.camera_func(self.state, target.rect)


def simple_camera(camera, target_rect):
    l, t, _, _ = target_rect
    _, _, w, h = camera
    return pygame.Rect(-l+WIN_W/2, -t+WIN_H/2, w, h)


def complex_camera(camera, target_rect):
    l, t, _, _ = target_rect
    _, _, w, h = camera
    l, t, _, _ = -l+WIN_W/2, -t+WIN_H/2, w, h

    l = min(0, l)                           # stop scrolling at the left edge
    l = max(-(camera.width-WIN_W), l)   # stop scrolling at the right edge
    t = max(-(camera.height-WIN_H), t) # stop scrolling at the bottom
    t = min(0, t)                           # stop scrolling at the top
    return pygame.Rect(l, t, w, h)

class CameraGroup(pygame.sprite.Group):
    def __init__(self, camera):
        pygame.sprite.Group.__init__(self)
        self.camera = camera

    def draw(self, surface):
        sprites = self.sprites()
        surface_blit = surface.blit
        for spr in sprites:
            self.spritedict[spr] = surface_blit(spr.image, self.camera.apply(spr))
        self.lostsprites = []

class Platform(Entity):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        Entity.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.Surface((32, 32))
        self.image.convert()
        self.image.fill(GRAY)
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, 32, 32)

    def update(self):
        pass

def main():
    # Initialize Everything
    pygame.init()
    fps = 60
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    play = True
    pygame.display.set_caption('Raiden')
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIN_W, WIN_H), pygame.SRCALPHA)

    # Load Level
    platforms = []
    x = y = 0
    level = [
        "PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P           PPPP",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPP           P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "P              P",
        "PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP",]

    total_level_width = len(level[0])*32
    total_level_height = len(level)*32
    total_rect = pygame.rect.Rect(0, 0, total_level_width, total_level_height)

    # Create Groups
    camera = Camera(complex_camera, total_level_width, total_level_height)
    shipGroup = CameraGroup(camera)
    backgroundGroup = CameraGroup(camera)

    # build the level
    for row in level:
        for col in row:
            if col == "P":
                p = Platform(x, y)
                platforms.append(p)
                backgroundGroup.add(p)
            x += 32
        y += 32
        x = 0

    # Create Game Objects
    ship = Ship(total_rect)

    # Add Game Objects to Groups
    shipGroup.add(ship)

    # Gameplay
    while play:
        # Checks if window exit button pressed
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()

        camera.update(ship)
        # Update
        ship.update()

        # Print Background/Sprites
        screen.fill(WHITE)

        backgroundGroup.draw(screen)
        shipGroup.draw(screen)

        # Limits frames per iteration of while loop
        clock.tick(fps)
        # Writes to main surface
        pygame.display.flip()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

关于python - 向顶部/向下射击器添加滚动功能，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33516364/

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