python - gcc 在lxml安装CentOS时出现内部错误

Question

我在 CentOS-6 上安装 lxml 时遇到一些问题。我尝试了一些类似问题的解决方案，例如 pip install lxml error或 Setup.py: install lxml with Python2.6 on CentOS但这些都不起作用。如何正确安装？发布后，

pip install lxml

日志是这样的，

Downloading/unpacking lxml
  Running setup.py egg_info for package lxml
    /usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/dist.py:266: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.4.0.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib64
Installing collected packages: lxml
  Running setup.py install for lxml
    /usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/dist.py:266: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Building lxml version 3.4.0.
    Building without Cython.
    Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26
    Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib64
    building 'lxml.etree' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/tmp/pip-build-root/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w
    gcc: Internal error: Killed (program cc1)
    Please submit a full bug report.
    See <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> for instructions.
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-07a07D-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed:
    /usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/dist.py:266: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'

  warnings.warn(msg)

Building lxml version 3.4.0.

Building without Cython.

Using build configuration of libxslt 1.1.26

Building against libxml2/libxslt in the following directory: /usr/lib64

running install

running build

running build_py

copying src/lxml/includes/lxml-version.h -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/lxml/includes

running build_ext

building 'lxml.etree' extension

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/tmp/pip-build-root/lxml/src/lxml/includes -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c src/lxml/lxml.etree.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/src/lxml/lxml.etree.o -w

gcc: Internal error: Killed (program cc1)

Please submit a full bug report.

See <http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla> for instructions.

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-07a07D-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-root/lxml
Storing complete log in /root/.pip/pip.log

pip.log 中的回溯:

Exception information:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 139, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 271, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/req.py", line 1185, in install
    requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/req.py", line 592, in install
    cwd=self.source_dir, filter_stdout=self._filter_install, show_stdout=False)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pip/util.py", line 662, in call_subprocess
    % (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command /usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-root/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-cAMY23-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-root/lxml

我在 CentOS release 6.5 上使用 Python 2.6.6。

Answer 1

在全新的环境设置/软件包安装过程中，最常见的问题如下:

1. gcc 未安装 - 构建 Python 包需要一个 C 编译器，因为核心是 C。

   $sudo yum install gcc

2. 'error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1' 发生在找不到头文件 (#include )，即未安装依赖项时

   解决方案:安装系统级依赖(开发包)

   $sudo yum install libxml2-devel libxml++-devel libxslt-devel

3. 而在您的情况下，“gcc: Internal error: Killed (program cc1)”不可能是上述可能性，依赖性存在，因为不是一些“未找到”缺少任何头文件或任何其他语法级别错误的错误。发生了什么(可能)，gcc 编译器崩溃了。很有可能是内存问题，即内存不足。

   虽然您没有提到您是否设置了 VM 或 native 安装 - 通常我们在设置 VM 时分配有限的内存。如果您使用的是 VM，可能的解决方法是增加为 CentOS VM 分配的内存，或者通过关闭任何不必要的正在运行的程序和服务来释放一些内存。

附言我在安装 lxml 时遇到了同样的问题，并用更多的内存解决了它。