python - 无法使用 Scrapy dist-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_openssl.so 启动项目

Question

我不熟悉在 unix 和 python 中安装包。我正在 Windows 上的 Ubuntu 上使用 Bash。我想开始学习 Scrapy，我安装它使用:

apt-get install scrapy

当我尝试创建项目时，出现以下错误:

root > scrapy startproject tutorial
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/scrapy", line 11, in <module>
    sys.exit(execute())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 128, in execute
    cmds = _get_commands_dict(settings, inproject)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 46, in _get_commands_dict
    cmds = _get_commands_from_module('scrapy.commands', inproject)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 29, in _get_commands_from_module
    for cmd in _iter_command_classes(module):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 19, in _iter_command_classes
    for module in walk_modules(module_name):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scrapy/utils/misc.py", line 71, in walk_modules
    submod = import_module(fullpath)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scrapy/commands/version.py", line 6, in <module>
    import OpenSSL
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/OpenSSL/__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from OpenSSL import crypto, SSL
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/OpenSSL/crypto.py", line 16, in <module>
    from OpenSSL._util import (
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/OpenSSL/_util.py", line 6, in <module>
    from cryptography.hazmat.bindings.openssl.binding import Binding
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py", line 13, in <module>
    from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._openssl import ffi, lib
ImportError: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/_openssl.so: cannot enable executable stack as shared object requires: Invalid argument

我确认上述文件可用。我试图了解是否有任何我错过安装的先决条件(我对此表示怀疑，因为我知道它们是在安装过程中处理的 - 如果我错了请纠正我)，或者我需要什么启用。

谢谢，萨西

Answer 1

你不应该使用 apt-get 来安装 scrapy，因为它有很旧的版本。你应该像下面那样做

apt install -y python python-pip

然后在下面使用安装scrapy

pip install --force --upgrade scrapy