python - 如何在Python中比较2个文件时忽略字段数据

Question

输入文件如下，其字段架构asMode|Date|Count|timestamp|status|insertTimeStamp

test1.txt:
HR|06/08/2016|3000|Thu Jun 09 2016|Complete|20160627020300
HR|06/08/2016|2000|Thu Jun 09 2016|Complete|20160627020400
HR|06/08/2016|1000|Thu Jun 09 2016|Complete|20160627020500
test2.txt:
HR|06/08/2016|3010|Thu Jun 09 2016|Complete|20160627070300
HR|06/08/2016|2000|Fri Jun 09 2016|Complete|20160627080300
HR|06/08/2016|1500|Thu Jun 09 2016|Complete|20160627090300

现在我的要求是比较两个文件之间的差异行，但在比较时应该忽略 insertTimeStamp 字段(最后一列数据)。

我尝试了下面的代码。它工作正常，但它是逐行比较的。有人可以建议我如何在比较时跳过 insertTimeStamp 字段吗？

预先感谢您对我的帮助。

import difflib
import sys

with open('/tmp/test1.txt', 'r') as hosts0:
    with open('/tmp/test2.txt', 'r') as hosts1:
        diff = difflib.unified_diff(
            hosts0.readlines(),
            hosts1.readlines(),
            fromfile='hosts0',
            tofile='hosts1',
            n=0,
        )
        for line in diff:
            for prefix in ('---', '+++', '@@'):
                if line.startswith(prefix):
                    break
            else:
                sys.stdout.write(line[1:])

Answer 1

您可以在将每行中的最后一个元素传递给 diff 函数之前将其切掉

diff = difflib.unified_diff(
    ['|'.join(x.split('|')[:-1]) for x in hosts0.readlines()],
    ['|'.join(x.split('|')[:-1]) for x in hosts1.readlines()],
    fromfile='hosts0',
    tofile='hosts1',
    n=0,
)

不使用 difflib 的逐行比较:

with open('/tmp/test1.txt', 'r') as fh:
    hosts1 = fh.readlines()
with open('/tmp/test2.txt', 'r') as fh:
    hosts2 = fh.readlines()  

for h1, h2 in zip(hosts1, hosts2):
    if h1.split('|')[:-1] != h2.split('|')[:-1]:
        print 'Lines are not the same!'